RH Systems (D antigen) Flashcards
Anti- A Anti-B Anti-A,B AI Cell B cell
0. 0 0 +4 +4
Type O
Anti- A Anti-B Anti-A,B AI Cell B cell
0 0 0 +4 +4
Anti-D +4
Type O pos
What is the Rh group named after?
Rheses Monkey
T/F Forwards type is serology
true
T/F you can not call blood types until you get a negative rxn
True,
Use a saline control
Anti- A Anti-B Anti-A,B AI Cell B cell
+4 +1 +4 0 0
Saline +1
What is wrong here?
What should you do?
Low rxn can be quality of blood for the low +1 (Anti-B)
Wash the fowards rxn
Throw in the fridge for 5-10min
Genetics of A type
What ag
what type of substance
H antigen
Type 2 substance
HXT of Rh types
1939
what happened with the woman
rxn?
immunization by?
1939 - Levine vs Stetson
woman gives birth to stillborn
rxn caused w compatible blood
woman immuized by fetus
Hxt of Rh types
1937
1940
1937 - Rheses monkey RBC
1940 - Rh factor landsteiner/weiner
Describe the LW system
Chromosome
High incidence
Low Incidence
more abundant on Rh pos than Rh negative cells
Chromosome 19 Lwa (High Incidence)
Lwb (low incidence) more common in finns
Describe the Rh System briefly
what ag
immunogenicity
inheritence?
disease states?
alleles?
Anti-D human
Highly immunogenic (most)
autosomal dominant inheritance
HDFN/TRXN
NO ALLELES
Describe the LW system briefly
Anti-LW monkey
What is the most polymorphic system of human Ag?
what to humans
Ag significance?
transfusion rxns?
Rh system
Intrinsic to humans
2nd most clinically significant Ag
transfusions are hemolytic
How do you form Anti-D?
immunizing event, doesn’t just naturally form
Describe Rhogam
timeframe
what type of shot?
looks like?
prevents?
1960s lots of babies died from HDFN
Low dose Anti-D shot
looks like anti-D in pt plasma
prevents real (allo) anti-D from forming
an intrinsic protein to the rbc membrane
Rh Ag, ONLY ON RBCS
T/F Rh Ag begins developing on RBC as early as 16wks from conception
true
Rh null has what rbcs?
stomatocytes
all neg
Describe “Weak D” Du
Ag expression is so low it requires enhancement AHG for detect
AG INSIDE CELL
Describe Partial D
Ag expression is variable depending on reagent
OUTSIDE OF CELL
D-Ag expression
Rh+
Rh-
Rh pos - D is expressed
Rh Neg - D ag not expressed
Diff gene based on ancestry
European
African
Asian
European - Deletion of RH
African - Mutation
Asian - adsoprtion/elution Del (weak)
Do Weak D Du make Anti-D?
No, they do not make Anti-D, rxn is <2+ w/ pt cells
Who can make Anti-D?
D neg
D partical
all or part of Ag is missing, pt sees norm Ag as foreign
(Del cannot
Du cannot)
If the D tube is negative and the Automated tube is positive, what do you give the patient?
Give them negative
Capital R means?
D ag is expressed
Immune Stimulated
from transfusions or pregancy
What does clinically significant mean
associated with HTR/HDFN
what does immunogenic mean
Exposure to Ag positive cells results in Ab development
80% of healthy individuals
Describe dosage effect
weaker reactivity on cells that only 1 dose of Ag (heterozygous expression) have
Describe Anti-D overview
Ig
stimulation
detected
location
IgG
Immune stim
frequency detection by IAT
ONLY ON RBCS
Do Rh negative babies make anti-D?
NO
Describe RHAG
Rh associated glycoprotein
on chromosome 6
RhO gene is on?
Chrom 1
no alleles or D (anthetical)
