Immunology/Genetics for BB (Lect 1) Flashcards

1
Q

When was the first human transfusion?

Describe the big impacts during the following years:

1900
1940
1980
2000
2020

A

first: 1667 (killed people)

1900 rbc developement
1940 Blood Bank created
1980s Viral testing (HIV)
2000 Automated
2020 Point of care/molecular

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2
Q

Describe IgG

A

Monomer
Warm Reactive 37 deg
Small/ Secondary
“Incomplete”
ONLY IgG3 activates compliment
EXTRAVASCULAR

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3
Q

Describe IgM

A

Pentamer
Cold Reactive 20deg
Intravascular
Primary response
Direct activator

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4
Q

What Ag is present on Rbcs, describe it

A

C3b (opsonization) will deposit on outside of RBCs (meaning compliment has activated) or there will be hemolysis

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5
Q

Briefly Describe Agglutination

A

rxn between Ab and Ag
visible microscopically
forms a lattice
soluble particles form

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6
Q

Stable rxn are dependent on?

What are some outside forces that can be controlled?

A

fit (size and shape)
charge
avidity

Timing/temperature/centrifuge…etc

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7
Q

Describe the zone of equivalence curve and what Post zone, Pre zone mean

A

Pre zone is Ag excess
Post zone Ab excess
Equivalece means equal amounts of both

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8
Q

what is the body’s compensation for anemia?

A

Incr plasma, heart rate, respiratory rate

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9
Q

Why do we transfuse?

A

1.) Gas transfer: Hgb-Oxy curve, Hypoxia shifts curve to the right
2.) Adequate hemostasis (too much clot, too little clot formation)

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10
Q

List pros and cons of transfusions

A

Pros: 600mil Hgb in rbcs
designed to carry O2
non toxic
naturally sourced

Cons:
transplant rejects from immune response
infections
limited shelf life
volunteer collection

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11
Q

Describe Viable vs non viable shelf life

A

Viable: post transfusion rbc survival of >75% free hgb <1%

Non viable: increased cardiac output, decreased pO2 tension

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12
Q

T/F 1% of rbcs are cleared daily

A

true

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13
Q

Describe changes of storage overtime

A

ATP dec
pH dec
Lac Acid inc
2,3 BPG dec
Plasma K inc

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14
Q

T/F additive solutions increase HCT allowing less viscosity and easier infusions of PRBCs while harvesting max plasma from whole blood

A

false, they decrease HCT

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15
Q

What are the days for the following examples

ACD-A, CPD, CP2D
CPDA-1
AS-1, AS-3, AS-5

A

ACD-A : 21 days
CPDA-1: 35 days
AS-1: 42 days

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16
Q

Describe Phenotype

A

physical expression of genes
detected by serological testing
“Ag”

17
Q

Describe Genotype

A

actual inhereted genes
detected by molecular testing
“Allele”

18
Q

Define punnett squares

A

probability of phenotype inferred from genotypes,

Heterozygous usually expressed less

19
Q

Describe Gene

A

DNA script that codes production of a protein

20
Q

Describe Locus

A

location on chromosome where gene can be found

21
Q

Describe Allele

A

variety within gene

22
Q

Describe Homozygous

A

both alleles are the same

23
Q

Describe heterozygous

A

one of each gene
Dosage: expression of Ag is less because of heterozygous inheretance of allele

24
Q

Describe Dominant

A

one allele required in order to express Ag

25
Q

Describe Recessive

A

both alleles must be in same order to express Ag

26
Q

Describe haptlotypes Cis vs Trans

A

Cis - inherited on same chromosome
Trans- inhereted on opposite chromosomes

27
Q

How do you calculate gene frequency?

A

Hardy weinbergs law
genotypes are distinctive in proportion to frequency in population
genotypes remain constant across generations

28
Q

Describe Haplotype

A

genes very close together on a chromosome sometimes arent affected by independent assortment.

They are linked by haplotype and inherited together