Immunology/Genetics for BB (Lect 1) Flashcards
When was the first human transfusion?
Describe the big impacts during the following years:
1900
1940
1980
2000
2020
first: 1667 (killed people)
1900 rbc developement
1940 Blood Bank created
1980s Viral testing (HIV)
2000 Automated
2020 Point of care/molecular
Describe IgG
Monomer
Warm Reactive 37 deg
Small/ Secondary
“Incomplete”
ONLY IgG3 activates compliment
EXTRAVASCULAR
Describe IgM
Pentamer
Cold Reactive 20deg
Intravascular
Primary response
Direct activator
What Ag is present on Rbcs, describe it
C3b (opsonization) will deposit on outside of RBCs (meaning compliment has activated) or there will be hemolysis
Briefly Describe Agglutination
rxn between Ab and Ag
visible microscopically
forms a lattice
soluble particles form
Stable rxn are dependent on?
What are some outside forces that can be controlled?
fit (size and shape)
charge
avidity
Timing/temperature/centrifuge…etc
Describe the zone of equivalence curve and what Post zone, Pre zone mean
Pre zone is Ag excess
Post zone Ab excess
Equivalece means equal amounts of both
what is the body’s compensation for anemia?
Incr plasma, heart rate, respiratory rate
Why do we transfuse?
1.) Gas transfer: Hgb-Oxy curve, Hypoxia shifts curve to the right
2.) Adequate hemostasis (too much clot, too little clot formation)
List pros and cons of transfusions
Pros: 600mil Hgb in rbcs
designed to carry O2
non toxic
naturally sourced
Cons:
transplant rejects from immune response
infections
limited shelf life
volunteer collection
Describe Viable vs non viable shelf life
Viable: post transfusion rbc survival of >75% free hgb <1%
Non viable: increased cardiac output, decreased pO2 tension
T/F 1% of rbcs are cleared daily
true
Describe changes of storage overtime
ATP dec
pH dec
Lac Acid inc
2,3 BPG dec
Plasma K inc
T/F additive solutions increase HCT allowing less viscosity and easier infusions of PRBCs while harvesting max plasma from whole blood
false, they decrease HCT
What are the days for the following examples
ACD-A, CPD, CP2D
CPDA-1
AS-1, AS-3, AS-5
ACD-A : 21 days
CPDA-1: 35 days
AS-1: 42 days