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Hubble Notes > Serology > Flashcards

Serology Flashcards

1
Q

The BOND between a single antigenic determinant and an individual combining site

A

Affinity

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2
Q

The TOTAL STRENGTH with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent antigen

A

Avidity

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3
Q

Type of bond involved in an antigen-antibody reaction

A

Noncovalent

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4
Q

ANTIBODY excess; causes false-negative reaction

A

Prozone phenomenon

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5
Q

ANTIGEN excess; causes false-negative reaction

A

Postzone phenomenon

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6
Q

Remedy for prozone phenomenon

A

Serum dilution

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7
Q

Remedy for postzone phenomenon

A

Repeat test after a week

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8
Q

Maximum precipitation occurs

A

Zone of equivalence

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9
Q

Ideal pH for agglutination reaction

A

6.5-7.5

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10
Q

Type of immunodiffusion in Radial immunodiffusion

A

Single diffusion in 2-dimensions

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11
Q

Type of immunodiffusion in Ouchterlony method

A

Double diffusion in 2-dimensions

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12
Q

Special type of precipitation involving FINE PARTICLES

A

Flocculation

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13
Q

Technique that produces an image of the chromosomes and identifies their abnormalities

A

Karyotype

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14
Q

PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism are examples of

A

Molecular assay

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15
Q

PCR, Ligase chain reaction and branch-chain amplification are

A

Amplification methods

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16
Q

Test that facilitates in vitro DNA synthesis

A

PCR

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17
Q

Template for PCR

A

dsDNA

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18
Q

Other name for Scintillation counter

A

Gamma counter

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19
Q

Scintillation counter measures radioactivity by using labels known as

A

Isotopes

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20
Q

Blocking test where Ag is 1st exposed to unlabeled Ab, then to labeled Ab

A

Inhibition immunofluorescent test

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21
Q

Extremely sensitive screening test for ANTI-NUCLEAR ANTIBODIES

A

FANA

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22
Q

Color of fluorescein

A

Green

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23
Q

In fluorescence polarization, the degree of polarization is _____ proportional to the concentration of analyte

A

Inversely

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24
Q

CHANCRES are associated with what stage of syphilis

A

Primary syphilis

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25
Q

GUMMAS are associated with what stage of syphilis

A

Tertiary syphilis

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26
Q

What serum antibody response usually characterizes the primary (early) stage of syphilis

A

Determined 1-3 weeks after appearance of chancre

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27
Q

Test developed by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)

A

VDRL test

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28
Q

A reactive qualitative VDRL test should be followed by performing

A

Quantitative VDRL

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29
Q

Nontreponemal (nonspecific) tests for syphilis

A

RPR (rapid plasma reagin)
VDRL

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30
Q

What do nontreponemal tests for syphilis detect

A

Reagin (antibody to cardiolipin)

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31
Q

Strain that removes cross reactivity with other treponemes

A

Reiter stain

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32
Q

Positive color in the FTA-ABS test using Nichol’s stain

A

Green

33
Q

Test that uses RBCs coated with treponemal antigen to detect treponemal antibodies

A

MHA-TP

34
Q

Specimen for detecting LATENTsyphilis

A

Serum

35
Q

Specimen for detecting TERTIARY syphilis

A

CSF

36
Q

Anti-DNAse B is a blood test used to detect antibodies to a substance produced by

A

Group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes)

37
Q

ASO titer is traditionally reported in what unit

A

Todd unit

38
Q

Gold standard serologic test for diagnosis of LEPTOSPIROSIS

A

Microscopic agglutination test

39
Q

Test for dengue that allows rapid detection on the first day of fever

A

NS1 antigen

40
Q

Confirmatory test for Lyme Disease (if ELISA+)

A

Western Blot

41
Q

Most common fungal infection for AIDS patient

A

C. neoformans

42
Q

Standard SCREENING test for HIV/AIDS

A

ELISA/EIA

43
Q

Standard CONFIRMATORY test for HIV/AIDS

A

Western Blot

44
Q

The new HIV confirmatory test in the Philippines

A

rHIVda

45
Q

Interpret results for HIV infection: ELISA (+); repeat ELISA (-); Western blot: no bands

A

Negative for HIV

46
Q

Method used to test for HIV infection in infants who are born to HIV positive mothers

A

PCR

47
Q

CD4:CD8 ratio in AIDS

A

1:2 (or 1:3)

48
Q

HPO stands for

A

Horseradish peroxidase

49
Q

In COMPETITIVE binding assays, the concentration of the patient analyte is _____ proportional to bound radioactive label

A

Inversely

50
Q

In NONCOMPETITIVE enzyme immunoassays, if a negative control shows the presence of COLOR, it means washing steps are _____

A

Incomplete

51
Q

How do heterogenous assays differ from homogenous assays

A

Heterogenous assays require a separation step

52
Q

Blotting technique for detection of DNA

A

Southern blot

53
Q

Blotting technique for detection of RNA

A

Northern blot

54
Q

Blotting technique for detection of PROTEINS

A

Western blot

55
Q

Proteins separated in the Western blot test are blotted on

A

Nitrocellulose paper

56
Q

Western blot bands that confirm (+) HIV infection (at least 2/3 bands)

A

p24, gp41, gp120/160

57
Q

1st antibody detected in HIV infection

A

Anti-gp41 (new)
Anti-p24 (old)

58
Q

Last stage of HIV infection

A

Full blown AIDS

59
Q

Hepatitis B marker that indicates high degree of INFECTIVITY

A

HBeAg

60
Q

NOT a serologic marker in Hepatitis virus infection

A

HBcAg

61
Q

Major cause of post-transfusion hepatitis

A

Hepatitis C virus

62
Q

Surrogate test for HCV that is no longer required

A

ALT

63
Q

Disinfectant that inactivates hepatitis A virus

A

Household bleach

64
Q

Other name for HCV RNA

A

Viral load

65
Q

Test to detect acute HDV infection

A

IgM anti-HDV

66
Q

Primary antibody type found in H. pylori infection

A

IgG

67
Q

What does TORCH acronym denote

A

Congenital infections

68
Q

The “T” in the TORCH acronym stands for

A

Toxoplasmosis

69
Q

The “C” in the TORCH acronym stand for

A

Cytomegalovirus

70
Q

Blood products are tested for what virus before being transfused to newborns

A

CMV

71
Q

The most common congenital infection is

A

CMV

72
Q

EBV causes latent infection in what cell

A

B cell

73
Q

Method of choice to detect T. gondii DNA in the CSF

A

PCR

74
Q

Currently, nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) is performed to detect what virus

A

HIV-1
HCV
WNV

75
Q

Most common cause of death in SLE patients

A

Renal failure

76
Q

Rose-Waaler and latex agglutination tests are used to detect

A

Rheumatoid factor (RF)

77
Q

In the RF slide agglutination test, what is bound to sheep RBCs

A

IgG

78
Q

Screening test for heterophile antibodies

A

Paul-Bunnell

Hubble Notes (13 decks)

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