Parasitology Flashcards
1
Q
When naming organisms, the Genus should start with a _____ letter and species with a _____ letter
A
Genus: capital
Species: small
2
Q
A symbiotic relationship in which 1 organism benefits from the other without causing any harm
A
Commensalism
3
Q
Parasite that can multiply in fecal matter outside the body
A
Coprophilic parasite
4
Q
Host in which parasite undergoes an arrested developmental stage
A
Paratenic host
5
Q
Source of infection is known as the
A
Reservoir
6
Q
Parasite that lays eggs which HATCH AFTER leaving a host
A
Oviparous
7
Q
Parasite that lays eggs which HATCH BEFORE living a host
A
Ovoviviparous
8
Q
Parasite that lays LARVA instead of egg
A
Viviparous
9
Q
Parasitology slides and photographs are used for?
A
Quality control purposes
10
Q
A clean, dry, waterproof container with a _____ lid is an appropriate collection container for a stool sample
A
Tight-fitting
11
Q
CDC recommends that ___ or more samples, collected on separate days, be examined for O & P test
A
3
12
Q
Beyond 1 hour, stool samples must be
A
Refrigerated
13
Q
How long can fecal samples be stored in a refrigerator?
A
24 hours
14
Q
Diarrheic stools must be examined within _____ to _____ after passage
A
30 minutes to 1 hour
15
Q
Trophozoites are very fragile and could be DESTROYED at _____ temperature
A
Refrigerator
16
Q
These interferes with identification of parasites, especially protozoan CYSTS
A
Mineral oil droplets
17
Q
MERCURY CONTAINING fixative used to preserve parasite in stool specimen
A
Polyvinyl alcohol
Schaudinn’s fluid
18
Q
Preservative to be employed with the trichrome stain
A
Polyvinyl alcohol
19
Q
Stain recommended for intestinal coccidia
A
Modified-acid fast stain
20
Q
Preservative in direct fecal smear
A
Formalin
21
Q
Vector for Ascaris lumbricoides
A
Cockroach
22
Q
Ascaris eggs without mammillary coating
A
Decorticated egg
23
Q
This adult female roundworm migrates out of the anus and deposits eggs on perianal area
A
Enterobius vermicularis
24
Q
Peripheral blood picture in Loeffler’s syndrome
A
Peripheral eosinophilia
25
Heart-to-Lung Migration
*ASH
Ascaris lumbricoides
Strongyloides stercoralis
Hookworm
26
Unholy three of roundworms
*HAT
Hookworm
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiuria
27
Severe itching / allergic reaction at the site of skin penetration by hookworm filariform larvae is called
Ground itch
28
Feeding stage of nematodes (hookworm, threadworm)
Rhabditiform larva
29
Infective stage of nematodes (hookworm, threadworm)
Filariform larva
30
Intestinal roundworm demonstrated as rhabditiform larvae in fecal specimen
Threadworm
31
Helminth that induces a microcytic, hypochromic anemia in its host
Hookworm
32
Rhabditiform larvae with SHORT buccal cavity and LARGE GENITAL primordium
Strongyloides stercoralis
33
Rhabditiform larvae with LONG buccal cavity and SHORT GENITAL primordium
Hookworm
34
Intestinal nematode capable of vertical transmission and congenital infections
Ancylostoma duodenale
35
Significant eosinophilia and muscle pain may occur after ingestion of meat infected with?
Trichinella spiralis
36
Agent of CUTANEOUS larva migrans or CREEPING eruption
Dog hookworm (A. caninum)
37
Agent of VISCERAL larva migrans
Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati
38
Pre-larval stage of filarial worms
Microfilaria
39
Most common identified species of filarial worms, sheathed, and nocturnal
Wuchereria bancrofti
40
Definitive host and reservoir of Wuchereria bancrofti
Humans
41
Filarial worm similar to W. bancrofti that may cause lymphadenopathy
Brugia malayi
42
Dracunculus infections cause ulcers that _____
On water contact, release larvae
43
Agent of river blindness
Onchocerca volvulus
44
Vector of Onchocerca volvulus
Black fly
45
Objective used to detect microfilariae
LPO
46
Scientific name of the head of a tapeworm
Scolex
47
Part of cestodes used for ATTACHMENT to the intestinal walls; "ANCHORING ORGAN" of cestodes
Scolex
48
When man becomes intermediate host for T. solium, this disease is manifested
Cysticercosis
49
Cestode capable of causing cysticercosis
Taenia solium
50
Humans serve as _____ host for T. solium
Definitive (or accidental intermediate)
51
Life span of T. solium
Up to 25 years
52
New species of Taenia discovered in Taiwan ; 3rd Taenia spp. ; Taiwan Taenia
Taenia asiatica
53
T. asiatica adult resembles T. saginata, but the _____ is close to T. solium
Cysticerci
54
Parasite that causes megaloblastic anemia
Diphyllobothrium latum
55
Lifespan of D. latum
25 years
56
Mistaken as adult Diphyllobothrium latum
Spirometra
57
Found in the intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cyst
58
Diagnostic stage of Echinococcus spp. in humans
Hydatid cyst
59
Used for sterilization when removing a hydatid cyst
Formalin
60
Definitive host for Echinococcus multilocularis
Foxes, coyotes, dogs
61
Fluke found in sheep and cattle
Fasciola hepatica
62
Fluke that causes vitamin B12 deficiency and intestinal obstruction
Fasciolopsis buski
63
Trematode that can cause cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, Fasciola
64
Most flukes are hermaphroditic (have both sexes) except
Schistosoma (separate sexes)
65
Stage of schistosomes that goes out of the snail to go to water
Cercaria
66
Schistosoma spp. infects human by
Skin penetration
67
Katayama fever is associated with what parasite
Schistosomes
68
Swimmer's itch or cercarial dermatitis is caused by
Cercaria of schistosomes
69
Habitat of Schistosoma japonicum inside human host
Superior mesenteric vein (small intestine)
70
Schistosome EGG recovered in URINE
Schistosoma haematobium
71
What is a Schistosomule
Cercaria minus tail
72
Operculated ovum seen in bloody sputum with CHARCOT-LEYDEN CRYSTALS
Paragonimus westermani
73
Adult P. westermani resides on what organ?
Lungs
74
How to prevent paragonimiasis?
Avoid eating raw freshwater crabs
75
Treatment for P. westermani infection
Praziquantel
76
Avoiding consumption of AQUATIC PLANTS is a way to prevent infection with
Fasciolopsis and Fasciola
77
Nonmotile, nonfeeding and infective stage of amebae
Cyst
78
Motile, reproducing and feeding stage of protozoa
Trophozoite
79
Objective used when viewing trichrome stained smear of protozoa
OIO
80
Color of trophozoite GLYCOGEN using trichrome stain
Colorless
81
Color of trophozoite NUCLEUS using trichrome stain
Red-purple
82
Color of CHARCOT-LEYDEN CRYSTAL using trichrome stain
Bright red
83
Color of CHROMATOID BODIES using trichrome stain
Bright to red
84
Pathogenic amoebic trophozoite that ingests RBCs of its host
Entamoeba histolytica
85
Point of differentiation between E. histolytica and E. hartmanni
Size
86
Mature cyst of E. histolytica has how many nuclei?
4
87
Mature cyst of E. coli has how many nuclei?
Up to 8
88
Trichuris trichiuria infection provides a good site for what protozoan?
Entamoeba histolytica
89
SREHP stands for
Serine-rich Entamoeba histolytica protein
90
Amoeba with a "GROUND GLASS" cytoplasm
Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar
91
Sluggish, non-directional motility, has a "DIRTY CYTOPLASM"
Entamoeba coli
92
Amoeba with a characteristic "BASKET NUCLEUS"
Iodamoeba butschlii
93
Amoeba that contains INGESTED NEUTROPHILS
Entamoeba gingivalis
94
Amebae inhabiting the CNS enter the body through the
Nasal mucosa
95
DOUBLE-WALLED CYST with outer wrinkled wall and inner polygonal wall
Acanthamoeba spp.
96
Agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)
Naegleria fowleri
97
Best staining procedures for Naegleria and Acanthamoeba
H & E
Wright stain
98
In what specimen are Acanthamoeba and Naegleria usually found?
CSF
99
Trophozoite with karyosomal chromatin appearing as ROSETTE of 4-6 granules
Naegleria fowleri
100
Protozoan often mistakes as cyst of amebae
Blastocystis hominis
101
The only ciliate pathogenic in humans
Balantidium coli
102
Associated with steatorrhea and GAY BOWEL SYNDROME
Giardia lamblia
103
Intestinal flagellate trophozoite with sucking disc, 2 nuclei, 8 flagella, and 1 axostyle
Giardia lamblia
104
The ONLY BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL protozoan is
Giardia lamblia
105
Causes "CRYPT" hypertrophy in the duodenum and subsequently diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
106
Protozoan with an UNDULATING MEMBRANE
Trichomonas
Trypanosoma
107
What does D. fragilis have in common with T. vaginalis?
Neither has a cyst form
108
Specimen used for rapid diagnosis of T. vaginalis
Vaginal swab
109
Definitive host of Plasmodium spp.
Female Anopheles mosquito
110
Infective stage of malarial parasite to the VECTOR
Gametocyte
111
Infective stage of malarial parasite to HUMANS
Sporozoite
112
Principal vector of malaria in the Philippines?
Anopheles minimus flavirostris
113
Plasmodium spp. responsible for 90% of malaria cases
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax
114
Plasmodium spp. that may cause relapse of infection
Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale
115
HYPNOZOITES may be seen in malarial infection caused by
Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale
116
Paroxysmal cycle of Plasmodium knowlesi
24 hours
117
RBC inclusion produced by Plasmodium knowlesi
Sinton and Mulligan's stipling
118
Type of blood specimen preferred for preparing blood smears for protozoan
Finger puncture
119
Stain of choice for diagnosis of malaria thick and thin smear
Giemsa stain
120
When performing thick and thin blood smears for malaria, which smear is FIXED?
Thin smear
121
Venipuncture blood is NOT recommended for
Malaria, Babesia and Hemoflagellates
122
To detect stippling, prepare blood films within _____ after being drawn
30 minutes to 1 hour
123
Type of microscope used for quantitative buffy coat method for malaria
Fluorescent
124
Oocyst of this parasite can be recovered in cat feces
Toxoplasma gondii
125
Patient with cerebral calcification must be tested with
Toxoplasma antibody titer
126
Important cause of chorioretinitis
Toxoplasma
127
Parasite that can undergo autofuorescence
Cyclospora
128
Specimen for detection of microsporidia
Fresh stool or formalin-fixed stool
129
Intracellular form of blood and tissue flagellates
Leishmanial
130
How is Trypanosoma cruzi trasmitted?
Bite of reduviid bug
131
Agent of GAMBIAN disease / "West African Sleeping Sickness"
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
132
Agent of RHODESIAN disease / "East African sleeping sickness"
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
133
Vector of African sleeping sickness
Glossina spp. (Tsetse fly)
134
Glossina palpalis, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina tachinoides are vector of
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
135
Glossina morsitans, Glossina pallidipes, and Glossina swynnertoni are vectors of
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
136
Agent of CHAGA'S DISEASE
Trypanosoma cruzi
137
Agent of KALA-AZAR / BLACK FEVER / Dumdum fever / Visceral Leishmaniasis
Leishmania donovani
138
Infective stage of Leishmania spp. to humans
Promastigote
139
This parasite has the following manifestation: WBCs with amastigotes inside
Leishmania
140
TRUE OF FALSE: Leishmania donovani, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Toxoplasma gondii are found WITHIN reticuloendothelial cells
True
141
Agent of "crabs"
Pthirus pubis (ectoparasite)
142
Scabies is a type of (infection or infestation)
Infestation
143
Also known as "head louse"
Pediculus humanus capitis
144
Wingless athropods
Ticks, bedbugs, mites, and spiders
