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Physiology/Anatomy > Semester 1 Test Review > Flashcards

Semester 1 Test Review Flashcards

0
Q

A muscle cell is another name for?

A

A muscle fiber

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1
Q

Action potential is another name for?

A

An impulse

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2
Q

Alternating light and dark bands running through the sarcoplasm of muscle are called?

A

Striations

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3
Q

A single nerve fiber and the muscle fiber it supplies is called?

A

Motor unit

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4
Q

The connection between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber is called?

A

Neuromuscular junction

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter is sent from synaptic vesicles

A

ACh

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6
Q

___ is the stiffening of muscles after death

A

Rigor mortis

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7
Q

Which thick myofilaments with enlarged heads to form cross bridges?

A

Myosin

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8
Q

Aging causes?

A

Slower muscle reflexes

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9
Q

Which disease causes wear and tear of articular cartilage?

A

Osteoarthritis

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10
Q

Which joint as the greatest range?

A

Ball and socket

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11
Q

Which disease cause antibodies to attack joint tissue

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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12
Q

Which term is used to describe the displacement of a joint bone from is joint?

A

Dislocation

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13
Q

The over stretching of a muscle is called?

A

Strain

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14
Q

Decreased angle of a joint is the result of?

A

Flexion

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15
Q

Moving a body part away from the midline is called?

A

Abduction

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16
Q

Turing the palm face up is called?

A

Supination

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17
Q

Moving the sole of the foot inward is called?

A

Inversion

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18
Q

Lowering a body part is called?

A

Depression

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19
Q

Having palms forward and body erect is?

A

The atomically position

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20
Q

The abdominal cavity contains?

A

Large intestines

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21
Q

The abdominal cavity is ___ to the diaphragm

A

Inferior

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22
Q

Keeping the body a stable condition is called?

A

Homeostasis

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23
Q

This system breaks down chemical and foods?

A

Digestive system

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24
Q

Am example of a negative feedback is?

A

Regulation of body temperature

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25
Q

The study of the body’s structure and it’s relationship is called?

A

Anatomy

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26
Q

Skin belongs to what system?

A

Integumentary system

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27
Q

Hair follicles are part of which gland?

A

Sebaceous

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28
Q

Inflamed sebaceous glands cause?

A

Acne

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29
Q

If the arrector pilli muscle remains contracted for a minute (+) the person is?

A

Cold

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30
Q

The study of skin condition is called?

A

Dermatology

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31
Q

Which cells produce dark pigments and color?

A

Melanocytes

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32
Q

Albinism is the lack of?

A

Melanin

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33
Q

Blood vessels are found in the?

A

Dermis

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34
Q

What is the outermost layer of the skin called?

A

Epidermis

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35
Q

Sudoriferous glands produce?

A

Sweat

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36
Q

The prime function of hair is?

A

Protection

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37
Q

What’s the four functions of skin?

A

Protection, secretion, temperature regulation and sensation

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38
Q

Which tissue is avascular?

A

Epithelial

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39
Q

Which tissues lines body cavities

A

Epithelial

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40
Q

A flat/single layer of tissue is called?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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41
Q

Which layer of tissue allows diffusion?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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42
Q

What are the four functions of connective tissue?

A

Support, protection,energy, immunity

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43
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Protection

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44
Q

How many layers does a pseudostratified squamous cell have?

A

Looks like many, but only one

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45
Q

Which tissue type has a lot of matrix?

A

Connective tissue

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46
Q

Exocrine secretes?

A

Mucus, oil, and enzymes

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47
Q

Endocrine secretes?

A

Hormones

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48
Q

Connective tissue that is flexible and can stretch?

A

Elastic fibers

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49
Q

Which tissue type has blood supply?

A

Connective

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50
Q

A cartilage cell is called a ___

A

Chondrocyte

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51
Q

The matrix of the blood is?

A

Plasma

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52
Q

Which membrane lines cavities of movable joints?

A

Synovial joints

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53
Q

Muscle tissue is specialized to?

A

Contract

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54
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium forms what layer of skin?

A

Superficial layer of skin

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55
Q

Which tissue doesn’t have a good blood supply?

A

Epithelial

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56
Q

What are the three functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Secrete, absorb, and protect

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57
Q

And adipocyte cell is specialized to do what?

A

Store fat

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58
Q

Tissue that function together are called

A

An organ system

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59
Q

Compared to the diaphragm the heart is ___

A

Superior

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60
Q

Which tissue contains the stomach, liver, spleen, and large intestines?

A

Abdominal cavity

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61
Q

Fingers are __ to the end of the arm

A

Distal

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62
Q

What is the sum of all chemical processes in the body?

A

Metabolism

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63
Q

What are the cells who do specialized tasks?

A

Specialized cells

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64
Q

What are stem cells that change into specialized cells called?

A

Differentiation

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65
Q

What is the ability to read the internal and external environment called?

A

Responsiveness

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66
Q

This system regulates blood and eliminates waste?

A

Urinary

67
Q

The integumentary system includes the?

A

Skin

68
Q

A network of organs, nodes, and vessels is the ____ system

A

Lymphatic

69
Q

Related organs who perform common functions are?

A

Organ system

70
Q

An effector?

A

Responds to stimulus

71
Q

Means neck

A

Cervical

72
Q

This plane divides the body into left and right?

A

Sagittal plane

73
Q

What are the levels of organization in the body?

A 
Organism 
System 
Organ
Tissue
Cellular
Chemical
74
Q

At a synapse the neuron sending the signal is?

A

Presynaptic

75
Q

Which neuron sends an impulse to a muscle?

A

Motor neuron

76
Q

What is another name for a motor neuron?

A

Afferent

77
Q

What is the name of an impulse that can leap from one sheath to another?

A

Saltatory

78
Q

What are the three functions of the nervous system?

A

Motor, integrative, and sensory

79
Q

What is the name of a nerve cell that carries an impulse?

A

Neuron

80
Q

What is the insulating material in the PNS?

A

Myelin

81
Q

What is the name of a neuron myelinated gap?

A

Node of ranvier

82
Q

Where is the nucleus stored?

A

Cell body

83
Q

What is the communicative substance?

A

Neurotransmitter

84
Q

What is the name if the sac that stores the neurotransmitter?

A

Synaptic vesicles

85
Q

What is the highly branched part of the neuron?

A

Dendrite

86
Q

What increases the speed of a nerve impulse?

A

Myelin

87
Q

What is the long cylindrical part of the neuron?

A

Axon

88
Q

Which neuron conveys information to the CNS?

A

Sensory neuron

89
Q

What is the body’s natural painkiller?

A

Endorphins

90
Q

Which neurotransmitter activates movement in the skeletal system?

A

ACh

91
Q

Which nervous system activates the fight or flight response?

A

Sympathetic

92
Q

During which period can a neuron no longer be stimulated?

A

Refractory period

93
Q

What is the difference in electrical charge?

A

Resting potential

94
Q

Which ion is in high concentration outside of the membrane?

A

Sodium

95
Q

Ions move from low to high concentration through ___

A

Sodium pump

96
Q

Are bones of the rib cage long bones?

A

no - flat

97
Q

How does a bone grow?

A

Epiphyseal plate

98
Q

What is yellow bone marrow made of?

A

Adipose cell

99
Q

Which bone of the skull is movable?

A

Mandible

100
Q

The pectoral girdle is made of…

A

Clavicle and scapula

101
Q

In a long bone what is the shaft called?

A

Diaphysis

102
Q

Which bone is the largest and strongest bone in the human body?

A

Femur

103
Q

Osteoporosis is due to _____ loss.

A

Calcium

104
Q

The process _____ is used to form bones.

A

Ossification

105
Q

The most common method of ossification is?

A

Endochondral

106
Q

Cleft palate is the result of which bone failing to fuse?

A

Maxillae

107
Q

An immovable joint is called a ____.

A

Suture

108
Q

The neck vertebrae is also known as what?

A

Cervical vertebrae

109
Q

The coccyx (does/does not) fuse to make hip bones.

A

Doesn’t

110
Q

Which disease is the result of side ending of the vertebrae?

A

Scoliosis

111
Q

Female skeletons have (wide/thin) and (deep/shallow) pelvises.

A

Wide for #1 and shallow for #2

112
Q

Bones become more _____ with age.

A

Brittle

113
Q

The end of a muscle that attaches to a stationary bone is the _____.

A

Origin

114
Q

This muscle produces the opposite effect.

A

Antagonist

115
Q

Muscle that helps the prime mover.

A

Synergist

116
Q

Which fibers are parallel to the midline?

A

Rectus

117
Q

What is an “o” shaped muscle called?

A

Orbicularis

118
Q

What is the name for a two headed origin?

A

Bicep, ya dingus.

119
Q

What does the gastrocnemius do?

A

Plantar flex

120
Q

What action does the zygomatic major produce?

A

SMILE

121
Q

What action does the orbicularis oris produce?

A

Puckering lips

122
Q

What action does the masseter produce?

A

Closing jaw

123
Q

What action does the altissimo a Doris produce?

A

Extend/adduct arm

124
Q

What action does the deltoid produce?

A

Abduct/flex/extend

125
Q

What is the name of a specialized structure in a cell?

A

Organelle

126
Q

Functional units of an organism are called…?

A

Cells

127
Q

The majority of the plasma membrane is made of…?

A

Phospholipids

128
Q

What is the name of the fluid in a cell?

A

Intercellular fluid

129
Q

The ____ makes up the content between the membrane and the nucleus.

A

Cytoplasm

130
Q

_____ is not a characteristic of a membrane.

A

Cell organelles

131
Q

Characteristics of a nucleus are?

A

Largest part, contains DNA, and nucleoli

132
Q

Movement of a substance from high to low?

A

Diffusion

133
Q

Movement of a substance from low to high?

A

Active transport

134
Q

RBC’s placed in a hypotonic solution will?

A

Swell

135
Q

Gradient means?

A

Difference

136
Q

High to low movement with plasma membrane is?

A

Facilitated diffusion

137
Q

Ribosomes produce ____?

A

Proteins

138
Q

Vesicles destroy _____ in lysosomes.

A

Bacteria

139
Q

Where does the cell get its energy source from?

A

Mitochondria

140
Q

What cell part controls the whole cell?

A

Nucleus

141
Q

What is the name of the semiliquid part of the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol

142
Q

What cell organelle stores protein?

A

Rough ER

143
Q

What action does the gluteus maximus produce?

A

Extend thigh

144
Q

What action does the frontalis produce?

A

A wrinkled forehead… Like Mr. Koch

145
Q

What action does the triceps brachii produce?

A

Extend arm

146
Q

What action does the extensor digitorium produce?

A

Extend phalanges.

147
Q

What action does does the sternocleidomastoid produce?

A

Flex and rotate head

148
Q

What action does the biceps brachii produce?

A

Flex arm and forearm

149
Q

What action does the rectus femoris produce?

A

Flex thigh and extend leg

150
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated?

A

Skeletal

151
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the blood vessels and wall of the heart?

A

Smooth

152
Q

Which type of muscle tissue contracts voluntarily?

A

Skeletal

153
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is branched with interlaced discs?

A

Cardiac

154
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?

A

Cardiac

155
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is spindle shaped?

A

Smooth

156
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is attached to bone?

A

Skeletal

157
Q

Which type of muscle tissue has the longest individual cells?

A

Skeletal

158
Q

What is essential to maintaining posture?

A

Skeletal

159
Q

____ provides energy to produce ACh.

A

Mitochondria

160
Q

Muscle tissues help _____.

A

Maintain posture, produce heat, provide movement.

161
Q

ATP is an energy source for?

A

Muscle contraction

162
Q

Movement of ____ ions from outside the sarcolemma to inside causes action potential to begin.

A

Potassium

163
Q

Aerobic respiration requires?

A

Oxygen

164
Q

What is the name of a large muscle?

A

Maximus

Physiology/Anatomy (22 decks)

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