Semester 1 Test Review Flashcards
A muscle cell is another name for?
A muscle fiber
Action potential is another name for?
An impulse
Alternating light and dark bands running through the sarcoplasm of muscle are called?
Striations
A single nerve fiber and the muscle fiber it supplies is called?
Motor unit
The connection between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber is called?
Neuromuscular junction
What neurotransmitter is sent from synaptic vesicles
ACh
___ is the stiffening of muscles after death
Rigor mortis
Which thick myofilaments with enlarged heads to form cross bridges?
Myosin
Aging causes?
Slower muscle reflexes
Which disease causes wear and tear of articular cartilage?
Osteoarthritis
Which joint as the greatest range?
Ball and socket
Which disease cause antibodies to attack joint tissue
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which term is used to describe the displacement of a joint bone from is joint?
Dislocation
The over stretching of a muscle is called?
Strain
Decreased angle of a joint is the result of?
Flexion
Moving a body part away from the midline is called?
Abduction
Turing the palm face up is called?
Supination
Moving the sole of the foot inward is called?
Inversion
Lowering a body part is called?
Depression
Having palms forward and body erect is?
The atomically position
The abdominal cavity contains?
Large intestines
The abdominal cavity is ___ to the diaphragm
Inferior
Keeping the body a stable condition is called?
Homeostasis
This system breaks down chemical and foods?
Digestive system
Am example of a negative feedback is?
Regulation of body temperature
The study of the body’s structure and it’s relationship is called?
Anatomy
Skin belongs to what system?
Integumentary system
Hair follicles are part of which gland?
Sebaceous
Inflamed sebaceous glands cause?
Acne
If the arrector pilli muscle remains contracted for a minute (+) the person is?
Cold
The study of skin condition is called?
Dermatology
Which cells produce dark pigments and color?
Melanocytes
Albinism is the lack of?
Melanin
Blood vessels are found in the?
Dermis
What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
Epidermis
Sudoriferous glands produce?
Sweat
The prime function of hair is?
Protection
What’s the four functions of skin?
Protection, secretion, temperature regulation and sensation
Which tissue is avascular?
Epithelial
Which tissues lines body cavities
Epithelial
A flat/single layer of tissue is called?
Simple squamous epithelium
Which layer of tissue allows diffusion?
Simple squamous epithelium
What are the four functions of connective tissue?
Support, protection,energy, immunity
What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Protection
How many layers does a pseudostratified squamous cell have?
Looks like many, but only one
Which tissue type has a lot of matrix?
Connective tissue
Exocrine secretes?
Mucus, oil, and enzymes
Endocrine secretes?
Hormones
Connective tissue that is flexible and can stretch?
Elastic fibers
Which tissue type has blood supply?
Connective
A cartilage cell is called a ___
Chondrocyte
The matrix of the blood is?
Plasma
Which membrane lines cavities of movable joints?
Synovial joints
Muscle tissue is specialized to?
Contract
Stratified squamous epithelium forms what layer of skin?
Superficial layer of skin
Which tissue doesn’t have a good blood supply?
Epithelial
What are the three functions of epithelial tissue?
Secrete, absorb, and protect
And adipocyte cell is specialized to do what?
Store fat
Tissue that function together are called
An organ system
Compared to the diaphragm the heart is ___
Superior
Which tissue contains the stomach, liver, spleen, and large intestines?
Abdominal cavity
Fingers are __ to the end of the arm
Distal
What is the sum of all chemical processes in the body?
Metabolism
What are the cells who do specialized tasks?
Specialized cells
What are stem cells that change into specialized cells called?
Differentiation
What is the ability to read the internal and external environment called?
Responsiveness
This system regulates blood and eliminates waste?
Urinary
The integumentary system includes the?
Skin
A network of organs, nodes, and vessels is the ____ system
Lymphatic
Related organs who perform common functions are?
Organ system
An effector?
Responds to stimulus
Means neck
Cervical
This plane divides the body into left and right?
Sagittal plane
What are the levels of organization in the body?
Organism System Organ Tissue Cellular Chemical
At a synapse the neuron sending the signal is?
Presynaptic
Which neuron sends an impulse to a muscle?
Motor neuron
What is another name for a motor neuron?
Afferent
What is the name of an impulse that can leap from one sheath to another?
Saltatory
What are the three functions of the nervous system?
Motor, integrative, and sensory
What is the name of a nerve cell that carries an impulse?
Neuron
What is the insulating material in the PNS?
Myelin
What is the name of a neuron myelinated gap?
Node of ranvier
Where is the nucleus stored?
Cell body
What is the communicative substance?
Neurotransmitter
What is the name if the sac that stores the neurotransmitter?
Synaptic vesicles
What is the highly branched part of the neuron?
Dendrite
What increases the speed of a nerve impulse?
Myelin
What is the long cylindrical part of the neuron?
Axon
Which neuron conveys information to the CNS?
Sensory neuron
What is the body’s natural painkiller?
Endorphins
Which neurotransmitter activates movement in the skeletal system?
ACh
Which nervous system activates the fight or flight response?
Sympathetic
During which period can a neuron no longer be stimulated?
Refractory period
What is the difference in electrical charge?
Resting potential
Which ion is in high concentration outside of the membrane?
Sodium
Ions move from low to high concentration through ___
Sodium pump
Are bones of the rib cage long bones?
no - flat
How does a bone grow?
Epiphyseal plate
What is yellow bone marrow made of?
Adipose cell
Which bone of the skull is movable?
Mandible
The pectoral girdle is made of…
Clavicle and scapula
In a long bone what is the shaft called?
Diaphysis
Which bone is the largest and strongest bone in the human body?
Femur
Osteoporosis is due to _____ loss.
Calcium
The process _____ is used to form bones.
Ossification
The most common method of ossification is?
Endochondral
Cleft palate is the result of which bone failing to fuse?
Maxillae
An immovable joint is called a ____.
Suture
The neck vertebrae is also known as what?
Cervical vertebrae
The coccyx (does/does not) fuse to make hip bones.
Doesn’t
Which disease is the result of side ending of the vertebrae?
Scoliosis
Female skeletons have (wide/thin) and (deep/shallow) pelvises.
Wide for #1 and shallow for #2
Bones become more _____ with age.
Brittle
The end of a muscle that attaches to a stationary bone is the _____.
Origin
This muscle produces the opposite effect.
Antagonist
Muscle that helps the prime mover.
Synergist
Which fibers are parallel to the midline?
Rectus
What is an “o” shaped muscle called?
Orbicularis
What is the name for a two headed origin?
Bicep, ya dingus.
What does the gastrocnemius do?
Plantar flex
What action does the zygomatic major produce?
SMILE
What action does the orbicularis oris produce?
Puckering lips
What action does the masseter produce?
Closing jaw
What action does the altissimo a Doris produce?
Extend/adduct arm
What action does the deltoid produce?
Abduct/flex/extend
What is the name of a specialized structure in a cell?
Organelle
Functional units of an organism are called…?
Cells
The majority of the plasma membrane is made of…?
Phospholipids
What is the name of the fluid in a cell?
Intercellular fluid
The ____ makes up the content between the membrane and the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
_____ is not a characteristic of a membrane.
Cell organelles
Characteristics of a nucleus are?
Largest part, contains DNA, and nucleoli
Movement of a substance from high to low?
Diffusion
Movement of a substance from low to high?
Active transport
RBC’s placed in a hypotonic solution will?
Swell
Gradient means?
Difference
High to low movement with plasma membrane is?
Facilitated diffusion
Ribosomes produce ____?
Proteins
Vesicles destroy _____ in lysosomes.
Bacteria
Where does the cell get its energy source from?
Mitochondria
What cell part controls the whole cell?
Nucleus
What is the name of the semiliquid part of the cytoplasm?
Cytosol
What cell organelle stores protein?
Rough ER
What action does the gluteus maximus produce?
Extend thigh
What action does the frontalis produce?
A wrinkled forehead… Like Mr. Koch
What action does the triceps brachii produce?
Extend arm
What action does the extensor digitorium produce?
Extend phalanges.
What action does does the sternocleidomastoid produce?
Flex and rotate head
What action does the biceps brachii produce?
Flex arm and forearm
What action does the rectus femoris produce?
Flex thigh and extend leg
Which type of muscle tissue is multinucleated?
Skeletal
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the blood vessels and wall of the heart?
Smooth
Which type of muscle tissue contracts voluntarily?
Skeletal
Which type of muscle tissue is branched with interlaced discs?
Cardiac
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
Cardiac
Which type of muscle tissue is spindle shaped?
Smooth
Which type of muscle tissue is attached to bone?
Skeletal
Which type of muscle tissue has the longest individual cells?
Skeletal
What is essential to maintaining posture?
Skeletal
____ provides energy to produce ACh.
Mitochondria
Muscle tissues help _____.
Maintain posture, produce heat, provide movement.
ATP is an energy source for?
Muscle contraction
Movement of ____ ions from outside the sarcolemma to inside causes action potential to begin.
Potassium
Aerobic respiration requires?
Oxygen
What is the name of a large muscle?
Maximus
