Chapter 15 Test Review Flashcards
This ventricle pumps blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
Arteries and veins form this portion of the heart?
Base
Scientific name for a heart attack
Myocardial infarction
The P wave of the electrocardiogram represents this event
Atrial depolarization followed by systole
The first heart sound (lubb) is caused by closure of these valves
AV
Name the parts of the pericardium
Fibrous, serous
The outermost layer of the pericardium
Fibrous
The layer of the pericardium that is adjacent to the heart muscle
Visceral
When the atria are in systole the ventricles are in ____
Diastole
When the ventricles are in systole the AV valves are (open/closed)
Closed
The main function of heart valves
Prevent backflow of blood flow
The “T” wave of the ECG indicates this event
Ventricular repolarication
Venous blood (without oxygen) from the body returns to this chamber
Right atrium
The coronary arteries take blood to this location
Heart muscle itself
Hardening of the walls of arteries from smooth muscle proliferation and cholesterol deposit
Atherosclerosis
Condition caused by reduced blood flow to myocardium
Myocardial ischemia
Irregular heart rhythm
Arrhythmia
Opening in the septum the atria in a fetus
Foramen ovale
Narrowing of a valve opening by scar tissue
Sternosis
Different areas of the heart beating independently
Fibrillation
Narrowing of the coronary arteries reducing blood flow to the heart; has a number of causes and is the leading cause of death in the US
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
The term “epicardium” refers to this structure
Outermost layer of the heart wall
Circulation of blood through the heart muscle is supplied by the ____ circulation
Coronary
Cardiac muscle is known as _____
Myocardium
Chamber with the thickest wall of the heart
Left ventricle
The heart originates in this mass of tissue
SA node
Structure whose job is to sequence the ventricular contractions with the atrial contractions
AV node
The electrical conditioning system in the outer wall of the ventricles
Conduction myofibers (purkinje fibers)
Location of the S-A node of the heart
Right atrium
The QRS spike represents this event
Ventricular contraction
The second heart sound (dupp) is caused by this
SL valves closing
Heart rate is monitored and regulated by the structure
Cardiovascular center of medulla
This nerve decreases heart rate
Vagus (CNX)
The heart speeds up when we stand up quickly due to receptors here that detect blood pressure changes.
Carotid artery
Explain the contractions of the chambers in the cardiac cycle
Atria contract then the ventricles contract
Coronary arthritis branch off from ___
Aorta
The action of _____ causes audible heart sounds
Valves
What causes heart murmurs?
Improperly closing valves
The period of relaxation in the cardiac cycle
Diastole
A heart that is stretched just before contraction will contract stronger according to this law
Frank-starling
The contraction phase of the heart
Systole
The “good” chemicals that take cholesterol to the liver are
High density protons (HOL’s)
What causes the semilunar valves to close?
Pressure drops on ventricles
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle with one contraction of the heart
Stroke volume (70ml)
The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle each minute
Cardiac output
The term describing heart chamber contraction is ____
Systole
Name several chemicals which would act to slow the heart rate
Increase levels of K+ or Na+
The term describing heart chamber relaxation is ____
Diastole
Chest pain caused from ischemia
Angina pectorisis
Inflammation of the heart covering
Pericarditis
