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Physiology/Anatomy > Chapter 16-17 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 16-17 Test Review Flashcards

0
Q

What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries?

A

Chemoreceptors

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1
Q

Where is the cardiovascular center located

A

Medulla

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2
Q

A (long, short) blood vessel with a (small,large) diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow

A

Long, small

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation goes from the (right,left) (atrium,ventricle) to the (right,left) (atrium,ventricle)

A

Right ventricle

Left atrium

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4
Q

Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content?

A

Pulmonary veins

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5
Q

From which major blood vessels do all systemic blood vessel branch?

A

Aorta

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6
Q

Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart?

A

Systemic

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7
Q

Which circulation path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Hepatic portal

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8
Q

(Arteries,veins) (closest to,farthest from) the heart have the lowest blood pressure

A

Veins

Closest to

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9
Q

Vascular resistance is primarily due to which factor?

A

Friction between blood walls

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10
Q

When the left ventricles contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated?

A

Systolic

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11
Q

In fetal circulation, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass lungs?

A

Ductus arteriosus

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12
Q

Stimulation of the ____ would cause the heart rate to decrease

A

Vagus

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13
Q

In the fetus, what is the opening the allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?

A

Foramen ovale

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14
Q

With aging, cardiac muscle fibers ___ In size

A

Decrease

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15
Q

Defenses of the body that are present at birth are referred to as ___ immunity

A

Innate

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16
Q

The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfictional?

A

Respiratory

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17
Q

As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs, it moves through the ____ to the ____ and out through the ____

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk

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18
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Vessels with high blood pressure

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Vessels with the faster flow

A

Arteries

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21
Q

Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

A

Lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

Vessels with slowest blood flow

A

Capillaries

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24
Q

Vessels with a thick muscle layer

A

Arteries

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25
Q

Vessels with very thin walls; only have a single layer of cells

A

Capillaries

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26
Q

Vessels with the smallest internal diameter

A

Capillaries

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27
Q

Vessels with a very thin muscle layer

A

Veins

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28
Q

Vessels that exhibit a pulse

A

Arteries

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29
Q

Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body

A

Capillaries

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30
Q

Known as exchange vessels

A

Capillaries

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31
Q

What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly?

A

T-cells

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32
Q

What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary

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33
Q

Blood pressure is measured by listening for a constricted ___ to pop open valves

A

Arteries

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34
Q

The most important function of the circulatory system is to ___ materials to and from all cells

A

Transport

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35
Q

Which layer of an artery contains thick, smooth muscle?

A

Middle

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36
Q

Venous blood returns to the heart due to ___ movements and skeletal muscular contractions

A

Breathing

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37
Q

Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the pulse

A

Radial, carotid, brachial, popliteal, dorsal

38
Q

What are the two main methods of capillary exchange

A

Filtration, reabsorption

39
Q

Blood pressure is read with a (an)

A

Sphygmomanometer

40
Q

Blood typically flows from the heart to ___, then to __ then ___

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

41
Q

What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue?

A

Capillaries

42
Q

The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called ___ blood pressure

A

Systolic

43
Q

The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows

A

Lumen

44
Q

Lymph is very similar to this body fluid

A

Interstitial

45
Q

Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body

A

Veins

46
Q

Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal?

A

108/68

47
Q

Which type of blood vessel is refereed to as blood reservoir

A

Veins

48
Q

The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber

A

Left atrium

49
Q

The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure

A

Placenta

50
Q

Name some factors that vascular resistance is related to

A

Length and radius
Blood vessels
Blood viscosity

51
Q

At rest, most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels

A

Veins

52
Q

In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increased systemic vessels resistance

A

Vessel length

53
Q

A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body

A

Antigen

54
Q

Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure?

A

Baroreceptors

55
Q

Blood pressure would increase with a ___ in heart rate

A

Increase

56
Q

Blood pressure would increase with a ___in vascular resistance

A

Increase

57
Q

Blood pressure would increase with a ____ in blood volume

A

Increase

58
Q

Blood pressure would increase with a ___ in water retention

A

Increase

59
Q

How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased cardiac output

A

Increase

60
Q

How would the following affect blood pressure? Decreased blood volume

A

Decrease

61
Q

How would the following affect blood pressure? Water retention

A

Increase

62
Q

How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased vascular resistance

A

Increase

63
Q

How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased production of epinephrine

A

Increase

64
Q

Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses

A

Interferons

65
Q

Baroreceptors to monitor pressure of blood going to the brain are located here

A

Carotid artery

66
Q

List some functions of the lymphatic system

A

Drains interstitial fluid
Transport lipids gastrointestinal to blood
Immune response

67
Q

All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in the vessel

A

Subclavian veins

68
Q

How would the following affect vascular resistance? Blood viscosity increases

A

Increase

69
Q

How would the following affect vascular resistance? Increased blood vessel diameter

A

Decrease

70
Q

How would the following affect vascular resistance? Being in arteries compared to capillaries

A

Decrease

71
Q

How would the following affect vascular resistance? Increasing blood vessel length

A

Increase

72
Q

Slow resting heart rate

A

Bradycardia

73
Q

Saclike dilation of the artery wall

A

Anerurysm

74
Q

Stretching of wall of veins, especially around valves

A

Varicose veins

75
Q

Inflammation of vein

A

Phlebitis

76
Q

Low oxygen availability

A

Hypoxia

77
Q

Persistently high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

78
Q

Rapid resting heart rate

A

Tachycardia

79
Q

High amount of carbon dioxide

A

Hypercaphia

80
Q

List some structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens

A

Skin, mucous membranes fluids, movements of fluid

81
Q

What are symptoms of inflammation?

A

Pain
Redness
Swelling
Heat

82
Q

List some substances that could act a antigens

A

Food, pollen, bacteria, viruses

83
Q

When a cell is infected by virus, what may the cell produce to help

A

Interferons

84
Q

Why are lymph nodes important

A

Filter lymph

Store lymphocytes

85
Q

In general, what vessels can we see through our skin?

A

Veins

86
Q

Mucous membranes would be considered to be a ___ line of defense against pathogens

A

First

87
Q

Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the sternum?

A

Thymus

88
Q

Name the major components of the lymphatic system

A

Lymph
Lymphatic vessels
Red bone marrow
Structures containing lymphatic tissue

89
Q

Which cells produce antibodies?

A

B-cells

90
Q

Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?

A

Spleen

91
Q

Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes?

A

Mature B-cells

92
Q

Where are damaged and worn out blood cells destroyed?

A

Spleen

Physiology/Anatomy (22 decks)

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