Chapter 16-17 Test Review Flashcards
What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries?
Chemoreceptors
Where is the cardiovascular center located
Medulla
A (long, short) blood vessel with a (small,large) diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow
Long, small
Pulmonary circulation goes from the (right,left) (atrium,ventricle) to the (right,left) (atrium,ventricle)
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content?
Pulmonary veins
From which major blood vessels do all systemic blood vessel branch?
Aorta
Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart?
Systemic
Which circulation path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract?
Hepatic portal
(Arteries,veins) (closest to,farthest from) the heart have the lowest blood pressure
Veins
Closest to
Vascular resistance is primarily due to which factor?
Friction between blood walls
When the left ventricles contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated?
Systolic
In fetal circulation, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass lungs?
Ductus arteriosus
Stimulation of the ____ would cause the heart rate to decrease
Vagus
In the fetus, what is the opening the allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?
Foramen ovale
With aging, cardiac muscle fibers ___ In size
Decrease
Defenses of the body that are present at birth are referred to as ___ immunity
Innate
The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfictional?
Respiratory
As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs, it moves through the ____ to the ____ and out through the ____
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Vessels with high blood pressure
Arteries
Vessels with the faster flow
Arteries
Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues
Capillaries
Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
Lymphatic vessels
Vessels with slowest blood flow
Capillaries
Vessels with a thick muscle layer
Arteries
Vessels with very thin walls; only have a single layer of cells
Capillaries
Vessels with the smallest internal diameter
Capillaries
Vessels with a very thin muscle layer
Veins
Vessels that exhibit a pulse
Arteries
Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body
Capillaries
Known as exchange vessels
Capillaries
What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly?
T-cells
What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary
Blood pressure is measured by listening for a constricted ___ to pop open valves
Arteries
The most important function of the circulatory system is to ___ materials to and from all cells
Transport
Which layer of an artery contains thick, smooth muscle?
Middle
Venous blood returns to the heart due to ___ movements and skeletal muscular contractions
Breathing
Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the pulse
Radial, carotid, brachial, popliteal, dorsal
What are the two main methods of capillary exchange
Filtration, reabsorption
Blood pressure is read with a (an)
Sphygmomanometer
Blood typically flows from the heart to ___, then to __ then ___
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue?
Capillaries
The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called ___ blood pressure
Systolic
The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows
Lumen
Lymph is very similar to this body fluid
Interstitial
Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body
Veins
Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal?
108/68
Which type of blood vessel is refereed to as blood reservoir
Veins
The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber
Left atrium
The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
Name some factors that vascular resistance is related to
Length and radius
Blood vessels
Blood viscosity
At rest, most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels
Veins
In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increased systemic vessels resistance
Vessel length
A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body
Antigen
Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure?
Baroreceptors
Blood pressure would increase with a ___ in heart rate
Increase
Blood pressure would increase with a ___in vascular resistance
Increase
Blood pressure would increase with a ____ in blood volume
Increase
Blood pressure would increase with a ___ in water retention
Increase
How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased cardiac output
Increase
How would the following affect blood pressure? Decreased blood volume
Decrease
How would the following affect blood pressure? Water retention
Increase
How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased vascular resistance
Increase
How would the following affect blood pressure? Increased production of epinephrine
Increase
Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses
Interferons
Baroreceptors to monitor pressure of blood going to the brain are located here
Carotid artery
List some functions of the lymphatic system
Drains interstitial fluid
Transport lipids gastrointestinal to blood
Immune response
All lymph in the body is eventually returned to the blood in the vessel
Subclavian veins
How would the following affect vascular resistance? Blood viscosity increases
Increase
How would the following affect vascular resistance? Increased blood vessel diameter
Decrease
How would the following affect vascular resistance? Being in arteries compared to capillaries
Decrease
How would the following affect vascular resistance? Increasing blood vessel length
Increase
Slow resting heart rate
Bradycardia
Saclike dilation of the artery wall
Anerurysm
Stretching of wall of veins, especially around valves
Varicose veins
Inflammation of vein
Phlebitis
Low oxygen availability
Hypoxia
Persistently high blood pressure
Hypertension
Rapid resting heart rate
Tachycardia
High amount of carbon dioxide
Hypercaphia
List some structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens
Skin, mucous membranes fluids, movements of fluid
What are symptoms of inflammation?
Pain
Redness
Swelling
Heat
List some substances that could act a antigens
Food, pollen, bacteria, viruses
When a cell is infected by virus, what may the cell produce to help
Interferons
Why are lymph nodes important
Filter lymph
Store lymphocytes
In general, what vessels can we see through our skin?
Veins
Mucous membranes would be considered to be a ___ line of defense against pathogens
First
Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the sternum?
Thymus
Name the major components of the lymphatic system
Lymph
Lymphatic vessels
Red bone marrow
Structures containing lymphatic tissue
Which cells produce antibodies?
B-cells
Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?
Spleen
Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes?
Mature B-cells
Where are damaged and worn out blood cells destroyed?
Spleen
