Chapter 19 Test Review Flashcards
Longitudinal wrinkles of the stomach mucosa
Rugae
First set of temporary teeth
Deciduous
The firm compact mass (waste) in the large intestine
Feces
A “ball” of food material
Bolus
A churned liquid food material
Chyme
Swallowing
Deglutition
Chewing
Masticiation
Wave of muscle contractions along a tube
Peristalsis
Breaking up of fats into smaller particles to make soluble in water
Emulsification
Elimination of wastes from rectum
Defecation
Mixing movements of the small intestine
Segmentation
Irritation of the esophagus by HCI from stomach acid
Heart burn
Sac like pouches formed in weak spots in the GI Tract; may become infected
Diverticulitis
Varicose veins of the rectum and anus
Hemorrhoids
Inflammation of the colon and rectum
Colitis
Inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis
Tooth decay
Caries
Scarred liver from chronic inflammation
Cirrhosis
Viral inflammation of the liver; usual cause is fecal contamination
Hepatitis A
Vital inflammation of the liver which can lead to cirrhosis
Hepatitis B
The most important function of the large intestine
Absorb water
The teeth adapted for cutting
Incisors
Bile and pancreatic fluid act upon food here
Small intestine
The place of greatest digestive activity
Small intestine
The major teeth for crushing
Molars
The organs that secretes bile
Liver
Villi are located in this organ
Small intestine
Structure that stores bile from the liver
Gall bladder
Absorption of digested food occurs largely in this organ
Small intestine
All organs through which food passes in the digestive system
Gastrointestinal tract
Breaking down food molecules to a size which is easily absorbed
Digestion
Bile is essential in the digestion of this nutrient
Lipids (fat)
The number of permanent teeth in a full adult set
32
Organs that help in digestion but which food does not pass through
Accessory
The end products that come from digestion of fats
Fatty acids and monoglycerides
Organ that helps maintain blood sugar level, detoxify substances and store vitamin
Liver
Organ that temporary stores food, destroys many microbes and chemically digests some food
Stomach
The anterior roof of the mouth
Hard palate
This digestion involved mastication of food by teeth and churning of food by the stomach and small intestine
Mechanical
The palate, the cheeks and tongue form the boundaries of this cavity
Oral
Hangs from the free border of the soft palate
Uvula
Substance that keeps the mouth and pharynx moist, begins the chemical breakdown of food and has ducts as it’s means of transport
Saliva
The basic “building blocks” of proteins which are the form needed by the body cells
Amino acids
Results from the reversal of peristalsis
Vomiting
Intestinal structure responsible for the absorption of water, glucose, and amino acid
Villi
Glands that empty their secretions directly into the blood stream
Endocrine
Salivary amylase acts on this major nutrient
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate digestion is started by this enzyme
Salivary amylase
Bile and pancreatic fluid act upon foods here
Small intestine
Folds of stomach
Rugae
Protein digestion begins here
Stomach
The organ that chyme flows into from stomach
Small intestine
Nutrients are carried by this vessel from the GI tract to the liver
Hepatic portal vein
The first section of the large intestine
Cecum
Portion of the large intestine before the rectum
Sigmoid colon
A membrane that anchors the intestine to the posterior body wall
Peritoneum
Stomach cells that secrete digestive enzyme
Gastric glands
