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Physiology/Anatomy > Chapter 19 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Test Review Flashcards

0
Q

Longitudinal wrinkles of the stomach mucosa

A

Rugae

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1
Q

First set of temporary teeth

A

Deciduous

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2
Q

The firm compact mass (waste) in the large intestine

A

Feces

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3
Q

A “ball” of food material

A

Bolus

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4
Q

A churned liquid food material

A

Chyme

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5
Q

Swallowing

A

Deglutition

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6
Q

Chewing

A

Masticiation

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7
Q

Wave of muscle contractions along a tube

A

Peristalsis

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8
Q

Breaking up of fats into smaller particles to make soluble in water

A

Emulsification

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9
Q

Elimination of wastes from rectum

A

Defecation

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10
Q

Mixing movements of the small intestine

A

Segmentation

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11
Q

Irritation of the esophagus by HCI from stomach acid

A

Heart burn

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12
Q

Sac like pouches formed in weak spots in the GI Tract; may become infected

A

Diverticulitis

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13
Q

Varicose veins of the rectum and anus

A

Hemorrhoids

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14
Q

Inflammation of the colon and rectum

A

Colitis

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15
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

Appendicitis

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16
Q

Tooth decay

A

Caries

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17
Q

Scarred liver from chronic inflammation

A

Cirrhosis

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18
Q

Viral inflammation of the liver; usual cause is fecal contamination

A

Hepatitis A

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19
Q

Vital inflammation of the liver which can lead to cirrhosis

A

Hepatitis B

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20
Q

The most important function of the large intestine

A

Absorb water

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21
Q

The teeth adapted for cutting

A

Incisors

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22
Q

Bile and pancreatic fluid act upon food here

A

Small intestine

23
Q

The place of greatest digestive activity

A

Small intestine

24
Q

The major teeth for crushing

A

Molars

25
Q

The organs that secretes bile

A

Liver

26
Q

Villi are located in this organ

A

Small intestine

27
Q

Structure that stores bile from the liver

A

Gall bladder

28
Q

Absorption of digested food occurs largely in this organ

A

Small intestine

29
Q

All organs through which food passes in the digestive system

A

Gastrointestinal tract

30
Q

Breaking down food molecules to a size which is easily absorbed

A

Digestion

31
Q

Bile is essential in the digestion of this nutrient

A

Lipids (fat)

32
Q

The number of permanent teeth in a full adult set

A

32

33
Q

Organs that help in digestion but which food does not pass through

A

Accessory

34
Q

The end products that come from digestion of fats

A

Fatty acids and monoglycerides

35
Q

Organ that helps maintain blood sugar level, detoxify substances and store vitamin

A

Liver

36
Q

Organ that temporary stores food, destroys many microbes and chemically digests some food

A

Stomach

37
Q

The anterior roof of the mouth

A

Hard palate

38
Q

This digestion involved mastication of food by teeth and churning of food by the stomach and small intestine

A

Mechanical

39
Q

The palate, the cheeks and tongue form the boundaries of this cavity

A

Oral

40
Q

Hangs from the free border of the soft palate

A

Uvula

41
Q

Substance that keeps the mouth and pharynx moist, begins the chemical breakdown of food and has ducts as it’s means of transport

A

Saliva

42
Q

The basic “building blocks” of proteins which are the form needed by the body cells

A

Amino acids

43
Q

Results from the reversal of peristalsis

A

Vomiting

44
Q

Intestinal structure responsible for the absorption of water, glucose, and amino acid

A

Villi

45
Q

Glands that empty their secretions directly into the blood stream

A

Endocrine

46
Q

Salivary amylase acts on this major nutrient

A

Carbohydrate

47
Q

Carbohydrate digestion is started by this enzyme

A

Salivary amylase

48
Q

Bile and pancreatic fluid act upon foods here

A

Small intestine

49
Q

Folds of stomach

A

Rugae

50
Q

Protein digestion begins here

A

Stomach

51
Q

The organ that chyme flows into from stomach

A

Small intestine

52
Q

Nutrients are carried by this vessel from the GI tract to the liver

A

Hepatic portal vein

53
Q

The first section of the large intestine

A

Cecum

54
Q

Portion of the large intestine before the rectum

A

Sigmoid colon

55
Q

A membrane that anchors the intestine to the posterior body wall

A

Peritoneum

56
Q

Stomach cells that secrete digestive enzyme

A

Gastric glands

Physiology/Anatomy (22 decks)

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