Self 2: Development Definitions

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

The progressive acquisition, elaboration and advancement of intelligence, understanding and ability.

Question 2

Scheme

Answer 2

An idea or understanding about what something is and is to deal with it

Question 3

Accommodation

Answer 3

Changing our schemes to include new experiences and information that cannot fit into existing schemas

Question 4

Assimilation

Answer 4

A process by which individuals include new experiences and information in their currant schemas

Question 5

Sensori-motor stage

Answer 5

The period of time between birth and two years of age, during which an infants knowledge of the world is limited to their sensory perceptions and motor activities

Question 6

Pre operational stage

Answer 6

The period between two and seven years of age during which a child is unable to carry out the mental operations required to think logically

Question 7

Concrete operational stage

Answer 7

The period between the ages of 7 and 11 during which children gain a better understanding of mental operations

Question 8

Formal operational stage

Answer 8

The period between 12 years of age to adulthood during which people develop the ability to think abstractly

Question 9

Object permanence

Answer 9

The concept gained by infants that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen

Question 10

Egocentric viewpoint

Answer 10

Inability to see things from another persons point of view

Question 11

Conservation

Answer 11

The understanding that an object does not change its weight, mass, volume or area simply because it changes shape

Question 12

Classify

Answer 12

to group objects or events by features they have in common

Question 13

Hypothetical thinking

Answer 13

the exploration of possibilities and outcomes of different events and actions without an event actually occurring

Question 14

Abstract thinking

Answer 14

thinking that does not rely on being able to see or handle concrete materials in order to be able to reason about them

Question 15

Morality

Answer 15

An individuals system of beliefs and values concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour

Question 16

Moral dilemma

Answer 16

Amoral dilemmais a conflict in which you have to choose between two or more actions and havemoral reasons for choosing each action.

Question 17

Pre-conventional morality

Answer 17

The first category of moral development, which includes the stages ‘obedience and punishment’ and ‘individualism and exchange.’ These stages of morality involve simple reasoning and account only for the individuals point of view.

Question 18

Conventional morality

Answer 18

The second category of moral development, which includes the stages ‘interpersonal relationships’ and ‘maintaining social order.’ These stages are the most common, they involve more complex reasoning and take into account how the individuals actions will affect others.

Question 19

Post-conventional morality

Answer 19

The third category of moral development, which includes the stage ‘social contract and individual rights’ and ‘universal principles.’ These stages are rarely achieved and they involve highly complex reasoning that can diverge from social norms

Question 20

Identity

Answer 20

All of the beliefs, ideals and values that help shape and guide a persons behaviour

Question 21

Sense of self

Answer 21

an understanding of the nature of the self as distanced from others in terms of enduring personality characteristics

Question 22

Basic virtues

Answer 22

The main strength or understanding achieved from each psychosocial crisis

Question 23

Psychosocial crisis

Answer 23

A critical crisis in development where someone either achieves or fails to achieve a basic virtue

Question 24

Imitation

Answer 24

Observing and then copying the words, facial expressions, or actions of another person

Question 25

Modelling

Answer 25

To exhibit a behaviour in such a way as to promote similar behaviours in others

Question 26

Attention

Answer 26

The extent to which the subject is focused on the behaviour and/or interested by it

Question 27

Retention

Answer 27

The extent to which a subject remembers the behaviour

Question 28

Reproduction

Answer 28

The ability of the subject to reproduce the behaviour

Question 29

Motivation

Answer 29

The extent to which the subject is willing to perform the behaviour