Self 1: Cognition Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Learning

A

A relatively permanent change, often of behaviour, that occurs as a result of experience

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2
Q

Define: Classical conditioning

A

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired so that a response which is at first elicited by the first stimulus is eventually elicited by the second stimulus alone

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3
Q

Define: Unconditioned Stimulus

A

Stimuli that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response, without any prior learning

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4
Q

Define: Unconditioned Response

A

The response that unconditionally, naturally and automatically follows and unconditioned stimulus without any prior learning

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5
Q

Define: Conditioned Stimuli

A

A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response

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6
Q

Define: Conditioned Response

A

The learned response that follows a conditioned stimuli after classical conditioning has occurred

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7
Q

Define: Operant Conditioning

A

Learning that occurs as a result of rewards or punishments as a consequence of behaviours

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8
Q

Define: Operant Conditioning

A

Learning that occurs as a result of rewards or punishments as a consequence of behaviours

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9
Q

Define: Operant Conditioning

A

Learning that occurs as a result of rewards or punishments as a consequences of behaviours.

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10
Q

Define: Positive Reinforcement

A

The addition of a pleasant stimulus to reward a behaviour

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11
Q

Define: Negative Reinforcement

A

The removal of an unpleasant stimulus to reward a behaviour

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12
Q

Define: Positive Punishment

A

The addition of an unpleasant stimulus to punish a behaviour

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13
Q

Define: Negative Punishment

A

The removal of a pleasant stimulus to punish a behaviour

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14
Q

Define: Observational learning

A

New behaviour or modification of a current behaviour which occurs as a result of watching others and copying them

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15
Q

Define: Modelling

A

To exhibit a behaviour in such a way as to promote similar behaviours in others

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16
Q

Define: Attention

A

The extent to which the subject is focused on the behaviour and/or interested by it

17
Q

Define: Retention

A

The extent to which a subject remembers the behaviour

18
Q

Define: Reproduction

A

The ability of the subject to reproduce the behaviour

19
Q

Define: Motivation

A

The extent to which the subject is willing to perform the behaviour

20
Q

Define: Token Economies

A

A type of psychotherapy in which people are rewarded for good behaviour with tokens that can be exchanged for privileges or tangible rewards

21
Q

Define: Saturation

A

The overexposure of one type of reinforcement or punishment

22
Q

Define: Phobias

A

An anxiety response to something that is out of proportion to the threat

23
Q

Define: Systematic Desensitisation

A

The application of classical conditioning to treat phobias and other anxiety problems

24
Q

Define: Graduated Exposure

A

When patients are gradually exposed to a stimuli they are unreasonably afraid of so that they will realise that they are not in danger

25
Define: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
A form of psychotherapy that aims to change behaviours by modifying the thought process that leads to them
26
Declarative memory
The memory of facts and experiences
27
Encoding
Processing of information into a form suitable for storage by the brain
28
Procedural memory
The memory of how to do things
29
Retrieval
Getting information out of stored memory
30
Storage
retention of information