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Psychology ATAR Year 12 > Self 1: Biological Influences Definitions > Flashcards

Self 1: Biological Influences Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Define: Nervous system

A

A complex, highly coordinated network of nervous tissues that produce thought processes and initiate the automatic and conscious actions of an animal

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2
Q

Define: Central Nervous System

A

The brain and spinal chord

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3
Q

Define: Peripheral Nervous System

A

The region of the nervous system outside the central nervous system

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4
Q

Define: Brain

A

The main organ of the nervous system which functions as the coordinating centre.

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5
Q

Define: Spinal Chord

A

The tubular bundle of nerve fibres that connects the brain to the rest of the body

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6
Q

Define: Somatic Nervous System

A

The subsection of the peripheral nervous system that is connected to the skeletal muscles and sense organs

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7
Q

Define: Autonomic Nervous System

A

The subsection of the peripheral nervous system that is connected to internal organs

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8
Q

Define: Sympathetic Nervous System

A

The subsection of the autonomic nervous system that is active during stages of stress or strenuous activity, responsible for the fight or flight response

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9
Q

Define: Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

The subsection of the autonomic nervous system that is active during states of relaxation, responsible for rest and digest processes

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10
Q

Define: Frontal Lobe

A

The region of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions, and initiating and coordinating conscious motor movements.

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11
Q

Define: Parietal Lobe

A

The region of the brain responsible for processing sensory information about touch, pressure and pain

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12
Q

Define: Occipital Lobe

A

The region of the brain responsible for processing all visual information

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13
Q

Define: Temporal Lobe

A

The region of the brain responsible for interpreting all auditory information

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14
Q

Define: Broca’s Area

A

An area within the frontal lobe which is responsible for the production of language and speech

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15
Q

Define: Wernicke’s Area

A

A area within the frontal lobe which is responsible for understanding language and speech

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16
Q

Define: Nerve

A

Bundles of axons extending from many neurone

17
Q

Define: Neuron

A

Nervous system cells that communicate via electrochemical signals

18
Q

Define: Axon

A

A fibre that extends from a neurone and sends signals to other neurones

19
Q

Define: Dendrites

A

A fibre that extends from a neurone and receives signals from other neurones then sends them toward the cell body

20
Q

Define: Cell Body

A

The central area of a neurone which contains the nucleus

21
Q

Define: Myelin Sheath

A

Insulating material that surrounds an axon and facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses

22
Q

Define: Neurotransmitter

A

Chemicals which allow the transmission from one neurone to the next across a synapse

23
Q

Define: Hormone

A

Chemical which are produced in glands and released into the bloodstream, involved in regulating body functions

24
Q

Define: Neurotransmission

A

The transmission of nerve impulses across a synapse

25
Q

Define: Action potential

A

A short lived change in electric charge inside a neurone which results in the transmission of an electrical impulse

26
Q

Define: Resting Potential

A

The slight negative charge inside an inactive neuron

27
Q

Define: Threshold

A

The level of depolarisation before an action potential will fire

28
Q

Define: Synapse

A

The junction between the axon of one neurone and the dendrite of a neighbouring neuron

29
Q

Define: Dopamine

A

A neurotransmitter involved in conscious movement, learning, memory and emotion

30
Q

Define: Serotonin

A

A neurotransmitter involved in sleep, wakefulness, appetite and mood

31
Q

Define: Adrenaline

A

A hormone created in response to stress and/or fear which acts to instigate the fight or flight response

32
Q

Define: Noradrenaline

A

A chemical which acts as both a hormone and neurotransmitter, with the same function as adrenaline

33
Q

Define: Drug

A

A substance which has a physiological and psychological effect when ingested otherwise introduced to the body

34
Q

Define: Hallucinogen

A

A drug that induces changes in perception

35
Q

Define: Stimulant

A

A drug that increases central nervous activity

36
Q

Define: Depressant

A

A drug that decreases central nervous activity

37
Q

Define: Heredity

A

The passing of genes from parent to offspring

Psychology ATAR Year 12 (14 decks)

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