Others 2 Definitions Flashcards
Social Facilitation:
Increase in performance when others are around
Social Inhibition:
Decrease in performance when others are around
Group Polarization:
Discussions in a group, where members all hold similar views, tend to strengthen these opinions
Conformity:
Changing behaviors in response to group pressure
Normative Social Influence:
Conformity to standards in order to be part of a group and be accepted
Informational social influence:
Taking cues from other people about how to behave in unknown/new situations
Unanimity:
The degree to which everyone in a group is similar and holds the same opinions
Collectivist Cultures:
emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and wishes of each individual.
Individualistic Cultures:
Is a society which is characterized by individualism, which is the prioritization, or emphasis, of the individual over the entire group.
Obedience:
Changes of behaviors due to authority figures and the expectation of obedience, usually with explicit consequences
Punishment:
An unpleasant consequence to penalize a behavior
Cognitive Dissonance:
Used to describe the feeling of discomfort that results from holding two conflicting beliefs or when there is a discrepancy between thoughts and behaviour
Attribution:
Attribution theory is a Social Psychological theory that relates to the way in which people explain their own behavior and that of others.
Internal Attribution:
The process of assigning the cause of behavior to some internal characteristic, rather than to outside forces. When we explain the behavior of others we look for enduring internal attributions, such as personality traits.
External Attribution:
The process of assigning the cause of behavior to some situation or event outside a person’s control rather than to some internal characteristic.
Consensus:
the extent to which other people behave in the same way in a similar situation.
○ Do others engage in the same behavior
Distinctiveness:
the extent to which the person behaves in the same way all the time.
○ Does this person tend to (behaviour)?
Consistency:
the extent to which the person behaves like this every time the situation occurs.
○ Does this person always behave like this in this particular situation?
Fundamental Attribution Error:
The tendency for an observer, when interpreting and explaining the behavior of another person, to underestimate the situation and to overestimate the personal disposition.
Self Serving Bias:
We tend to explain the behavior of others in more negative ways and our own behavior in ways that put us in a more positive light
Sense of community:
a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members needs will be met through their commitment to be together.
Membership:
feeling of belonging or sharing a sense of personal relatedness
Influence:
A sense of mattering, of making a difference to a group and of the group mattering to its members
Integration and fulfilment of needs:
feelings that members needs will be met by the resources received through their membership in the group
Shared emotional connection:
The commitment and belief that members have shared and will share history, common places time together and similar experiences
Sense of community questionnaire:
An empirical assessment which determines the strength of someone’s sense of community, using a self assessed questionnaire
World event:
large scale events that affect a large number of people
Stress:
a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances
Predictability:
how informed someone is about the details of a situation; the more information they know the less stressful it is
Controllability:
the extent to which someone can influence the situation; the higher the controllability the less stressful it is
Threat/loss:
the potential for an event ton have negative consequences; the more likely it is to have a negative impact and/or the larger the impact, the more stressful it is
Vulnerable groups:
Demographics within a community which are the most negatively effected by a catastrophic event
PTSD:
a condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring as a result of injury or severe psychological shock
Resilience:
an individuals tendency to cope with stress and adversity
PTG:
Positive psychological change experiences as a result of adversity
