Others 2 Definitions

Question 1

Social Facilitation:

Answer 1

Increase in performance when others are around

Question 2

Social Inhibition:

Answer 2

Decrease in performance when others are around

Question 3

Group Polarization:

Answer 3

Discussions in a group, where members all hold similar views, tend to strengthen these opinions

Question 4

Conformity:

Answer 4

Changing behaviors in response to group pressure

Question 5

Normative Social Influence:

Answer 5

Conformity to standards in order to be part of a group and be accepted

Question 6

Informational social influence:

Answer 6

Taking cues from other people about how to behave in unknown/new situations

Question 7

Unanimity:

Answer 7

The degree to which everyone in a group is similar and holds the same opinions

Question 8

Collectivist Cultures:

Answer 8

emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and wishes of each individual.

Question 9

Individualistic Cultures:

Answer 9

Is a society which is characterized by individualism, which is the prioritization, or emphasis, of the individual over the entire group.

Question 10

Obedience:

Answer 10

Changes of behaviors due to authority figures and the expectation of obedience, usually with explicit consequences

Question 11

Punishment:

Answer 11

An unpleasant consequence to penalize a behavior

Question 12

Cognitive Dissonance:

Answer 12

Used to describe the feeling of discomfort that results from holding two conflicting beliefs or when there is a discrepancy between thoughts and behaviour

Question 13

Attribution:

Answer 13

Attribution theory is a Social Psychological theory that relates to the way in which people explain their own behavior and that of others.

Question 14

Internal Attribution:

Answer 14

The process of assigning the cause of behavior to some internal characteristic, rather than to outside forces. When we explain the behavior of others we look for enduring internal attributions, such as personality traits.

Question 15

External Attribution:

Answer 15

The process of assigning the cause of behavior to some situation or event outside a person’s control rather than to some internal characteristic.

Question 16

Consensus:

Answer 16

the extent to which other people behave in the same way in a similar situation.
○ Do others engage in the same behavior

Question 17

Distinctiveness:

Answer 17

the extent to which the person behaves in the same way all the time.
○ Does this person tend to (behaviour)?

Question 18

Consistency:

Answer 18

the extent to which the person behaves like this every time the situation occurs.
○ Does this person always behave like this in this particular situation?

Question 19

Fundamental Attribution Error:

Answer 19

The tendency for an observer, when interpreting and explaining the behavior of another person, to underestimate the situation and to overestimate the personal disposition.

Question 20

Self Serving Bias:

Answer 20

We tend to explain the behavior of others in more negative ways and our own behavior in ways that put us in a more positive light

Question 21

Sense of community:

Answer 21

a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members needs will be met through their commitment to be together.

Question 22

Membership:

Answer 22

feeling of belonging or sharing a sense of personal relatedness

Question 23

Influence:

Answer 23

A sense of mattering, of making a difference to a group and of the group mattering to its members

Question 24

Integration and fulfilment of needs:

Answer 24

feelings that members needs will be met by the resources received through their membership in the group

Question 25

Shared emotional connection:

Answer 25

The commitment and belief that members have shared and will share history, common places time together and similar experiences

Question 26

Sense of community questionnaire:

Answer 26

An empirical assessment which determines the strength of someone's sense of community, using a self assessed questionnaire

Question 27

World event:

Answer 27

large scale events that affect a large number of people

Question 28

Stress:

Answer 28

a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances

Question 29

Predictability:

Answer 29

how informed someone is about the details of a situation; the more information they know the less stressful it is

Question 30

Controllability:

Answer 30

the extent to which someone can influence the situation; the higher the controllability the less stressful it is

Question 31

Threat/loss:

Answer 31

the potential for an event ton have negative consequences; the more likely it is to have a negative impact and/or the larger the impact, the more stressful it is

Question 32

Vulnerable groups:

Answer 32

Demographics within a community which are the most negatively effected by a catastrophic event

Question 33

PTSD:

Answer 33

a condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring as a result of injury or severe psychological shock

Question 34

Resilience:

Answer 34

an individuals tendency to cope with stress and adversity

Question 35

PTG:

Answer 35

Positive psychological change experiences as a result of adversity