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A+ Sections 1-27 1011 > Section 6 - BIOS/UEFI > Flashcards

Section 6 - BIOS/UEFI Flashcards

1
Q

Explain Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

A

Program that a CPU uses to start the computer system, supports solely 32 bit CPUs

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2
Q

What does the BIOS serve as

A

Serves as a method of configuring the motherboard using a text-based interface

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3
Q

What is Firmware

A

Software on a chip and contains BIOS program code in a the flash memory of a motherboard

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4
Q

User Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) supports what bit cpus and what interface

A

Supports 64-bit processors and provides a GUI

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5
Q

What is BIOS an example of

A

Firmware

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6
Q

What is Read-only memory (ROM)

A

Type of chip embedded in the motherboard and can be upgraded through flashing

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7
Q

What does the CMOS use

A

internal lithium-ion battery that can last up to 10 years model: CR2032 3V

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8
Q

What is Power-On Self-Test (POST)

A

Diagnostic testing sequence to check the computer’s basic input/output system

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9
Q

What do variable beeps tell us

A

what is wrong with the system

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10
Q

What do 2 short beeps and 1 long refer to

A

Keyboard is not detected

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11
Q

What is the BIOS and what does it allow for

A

low level OS which allows input and gives output to basic components

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12
Q

How do you configure the settings inside CMOS

A

Enter the bios config environment

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13
Q

What did BIOS rely on as its system of input

A

Text based menu system and a keyboard

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14
Q

What are the BIOS’ 3 jobs

A

Power-on Self-Test, Hardware config, Boot order setup

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15
Q

Where are the BIOS settings stored

A

in the CMOS battery

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16
Q

UEFI vs BIOS, system bit

A

BIOS only support 32 bit whereas UEFI goes up to 64

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17
Q

UEFI vs BIOS, storage size

A

BIOS up to 2.2T, UEFI up to 9.4 Zettabytes

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18
Q

BIOS vs EUFI, storage device partition table

A

BIOS uses a MBR (master boot record) however UEFI uses GPT(GUID Partition Table) which allows for larger disks

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19
Q

What does the Storage Device Partition Table tell us

A

how the things are stored on given drive

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20
Q

UEFI vs BIOS, boot up speed

A

UEFI just boots up faster

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21
Q

UEFI vs BIOS, ROM size

A

UEFI uses a larger rom size, allows for better diagnostic tools and commands

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22
Q

In corporate environments what is considered best practice for safety in regards to storage

A

Disabling booting from an optical or USB drive, instead configuring the system to boot from specific installed hard drive that contains the OS

23
Q

What is an alternative to booting OS

A

using a PXE

24
Q

What is PXE (preboot execution environment)

A

client-server interface that allows computers in a network to be booted from the server

25
Q

What process is used to update the BIOS/UEFI

A

Flashing

26
Q

What are the 3 things flashing is used for?

A

Performing during upgrades, security fixes, or feature improvements

27
Q

What are the steps to flashing

A

Back up configuration and information (saving to separate USB), Use a USB flash drive to flash the firmware, The BIOS or UEFI will copy the firmware to the system and overwrite the old code

28
Q

What are the BIOS and UEFI used for

A

The loading and booting up of the OS

29
Q

What does BIOS use to hold the boot information, what bit

A

MBR, 32bit

30
Q

What does UEFI use to hold boot information and what bit

A

GPT, 64/32bit

31
Q

What’s a booting advantage of UEFI over BIOS

A

Provides additional security and integrity checks during boot, including secure boot

32
Q

What are the Supervisor/Admin/Setup Passwords used for

A

Protect access to the BIOS or UEFI config program and prevents access from unauthorised users

33
Q

What are the User/System password used for

A

Lock access to the computer

34
Q

What are Storage/Hard Drive passwords used for

A

Locking access to a hard drive connected to the system and requires the end user’s password

35
Q

where is secure boot found

A

enabled in the UEFI & BIOS interface and settings

36
Q

What is a root kit

A

A special type of malware

37
Q

What do we need to disable on USBs

A

Ability to read and write from mass storage devices + external OS booting

38
Q

What can we do for security of our PC

A

Set passwords, Enable secure boot, Restrict or disable USB ports

39
Q

What is Hardware Root of Trust (Summary)

A

The foundation of all secure operations of a computing system

40
Q

Explain Hardware RoT (process)

A

Cryptographic module embedded in a computer system that endorses trusted execution and attests to boot setting and metrics

41
Q

What is a Hardware RoT used for

A

scanning the boot metrics in the OS files to verify signatures and then use them to sign the report

42
Q

What is the name of the most commonly used RoT

A

Trusted Platform Module (TPM)

43
Q

What can TPM be used for

A

Encryption for our storage devices

44
Q

How can TPM be managed

A

via console, tpm.msc

45
Q

Name another RoT besides TPM

A

Hardware Security Module (HSM)

46
Q

What is HSM

A

Appliance for generating and storing cryptographic keys that is less susceptible to tampering and insider threats

47
Q

In terms of heat management what can BIOS and UEFI do

A

have the ability to configure fans

48
Q

What fan modes are there for BIOS/UEFI

A

Quiet, balanced, cool mode

49
Q

Explain Quiet mode

A

Reduced fans speed and allows higher temps, can be dangerous

50
Q

Explain balanced mode

A

Normal settings on most computers by default

51
Q

Explain cool mode

A

Able to run the fans harder and faster to create more air flow

52
Q

What does fanless mode do

A

telling the motherboard to tuns the fans off, will be used for liquid cooling

53
Q

What does custom mode do

A

Outside of the 3 (quiet,balanced,cool) , customisable

54
Q

What does the motherboard have for temperature

A

Temperature sensors

A+ Sections 1-27 1011 (27 decks)

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