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A+ Sections 1-27 1011 > S13 - Network Configurations > Flashcards

S13 - Network Configurations Flashcards

1
Q

stand for TCP/IP

A

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

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2
Q

Define Link/Network interface layer

A

Puts frames in the physical network’s transmission media (copper wires/WI-FI)

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3
Q

Where can the data get to on the Link/Network Layer

A

Through the Local Area Network

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4
Q

Define Internet Layer

A

Used to address packets and router them across the network, where to send the packets

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5
Q

Common Protocols in Transport layer

A

TCP & UDP

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6
Q

Define Transport layer

A

Shows how to send the packets

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7
Q

Define Application layer

A

contains all the protocols that perform higher level functions (e.g. email, encryption etc) Which format the data should be sent as

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8
Q

What do the 0s in the subnet mask refer to

A

Host bits

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9
Q

What do the 1s in the subnet mask refer to

A

Network bits

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10
Q

Define classful mask

A

A network class being aligned with perfect

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11
Q

Define classless inter-domain routing (CIDR)

A

Allows for borrowing of some host bits and reassigning them to the network portion

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12
Q

What does the /24 after an IP refer to

A

the amount of network bits e.g. (255.255.255.0 = 24 bits to network and 8 to host)

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13
Q

2 types of IPv4 IPs

A

Public (Routable), Private (Non-routable)

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14
Q

Define Public IP

A

Can be accessed over the internet and is assigned to the network by an internet service provider

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15
Q

Define Private IPs

A

Can be used by anyone at any time, only within LAN

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16
Q

Define Network Address Translation (NAT)

A

Allows for less IP consumption, translates public to private and vice versa

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17
Q

Define Automatic Private IP addresses (APIPA)

A

Used when a device doesn’t have a static IP or cannot reach a DHCP address 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255

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18
Q

DHCP proccess

A

DORA - Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge

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19
Q

What is static assignment

A

Manually typing the Ip for the host, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server

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20
Q

What are the components of a fully configured host

A

IP, subnet mask, default gateway, server address

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21
Q

Define domain name system (DNS)

A

Translates the domain names used by the website into the IP address of its server. Names to numbers, numbers to names

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22
Q

Define Windows Internet name service (WINS)

A

Identifies NetBIOS systems on a TCP/IP network and convert those NetBIOS names to IP addresses

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23
Q

4 protocols for dynamic assignment of critical info

A

BOOTP, DHCP, APIPA, ZeroConf

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24
Q

Define BOOTP

A

legacy method of dynamically assigning IPs and allow workstation to load a copy of boot image over network

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25
Q

What is the modern version of BOOTP

A

DHCP

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26
Q

Benefit of IPIPA

A

Allows for quick config of a LAN without need for DHCP server

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27
Q

Drawback of APIPA in terms of communication

A

IPIPA devices can’t be routed outside of network, can only communicate with IPIPA devices

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28
Q

Define Zero-Conf

A

New version of APIPA

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29
Q

Define DHCP reservation

A

Excludes some IP addresses from being handed to devices unless they meet a certain condition (e.g. assigning printers to having a certain IP)

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30
Q

Define Fully-Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

A

Domain name under a top-top level provider (www/ftp/etc)

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31
Q

Define Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A

Contains he FQDN with the method of accessing information (https://, http:/, ftp://)

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32
Q

Define Sender Policy Framework (SPF)

A

Method of configuring who can send emails to host

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33
Q

Define DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM)

A

provides the cryptographic authentication mechanism using a public key published as a DNS record

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34
Q

Define domain-based message authentication, reporting & conformance (DMARC)

A

Framework that is used for proper application of SPF and DKIM, using a policy that is published as a public DNS record

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35
Q

Define internal DNS

A

allows cloud instances on the same network access each other using internal DNS names

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36
Q

Define External DNS

A

records created around the domain names from a central authority and used on the public internet

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37
Q

Define Time to live (TTL)

A

tells the DNS resolver how long to cache a query before requesting a new one

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38
Q

Define DNS resolver/DNS cache

A

makes a local copy of every DNS entry it resolves when connecting to websites

39
Q

Define recursive lookup

A

DNS server communicates with several other DNS servers to hunt down the IP address and return to the client

40
Q

Define iterative lookup

A

Each DNS server responds directly to the client with an address for another DNS sever that may have the correct IP address

41
Q

Define Virtual local area network (VLAN)

A

allows different networks to share the same physical hardware and provided added security and efficiency

42
Q

Define VPN

A

Extends a private network across a public network and enables sending and receiving of data across shared/public networks

43
Q

3 types of VPN configs

A

site to site, client to site, clientless

44
Q

Define full tunnel VPN

A

Routes and encrypts all network requests through the VPN connection back to the headquarters

45
Q

define split tunnel VPN

A

Routes and encrypts only the traffic bound for the HQ over the VPN, sends the rest of the traffic over regular internet

46
Q

For VPNs in terms of security and performance which should we use

A

Security: Full tunnel Performance: Split tunnel

47
Q

Define clientless VPN

A

Creates a secure remote-access VPN tunnel using a web browser without requiring any software or hardware clients

48
Q

Define Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

A

[outdated] Provides cryptography and reliability using the upper layers of the OSI model (5,6,7)

49
Q

Modern alternative to SSL

A

TLS

50
Q

Define Transport Layer Security (TLS)

A

Provides secure web browsing over HTTPS

51
Q

Benefits over IPv6

A

Larger address space, No broadcasts, No fragmentation, Can coexist with IPv4, simplified header (5 headers instead of 12)

52
Q

Define Dual Stack

A

Simultaneously runs both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols on the same network devices

53
Q

Define tunneling

A

Allows an existing IPv4 router to carry IPv6 traffic

54
Q

What does IPv6 use to represent itself

A

Hexadecimal, 128 bits

55
Q

How to identify a mac address

A

6x2 e.g. 12:34:56:78:90:AB

56
Q

Define Unicast address

A

Used to identify a single interface

57
Q

Define Globally-routed

A

Similar to IPv4’s unicast class A,B,C addresses and begins with 2000-3999

58
Q

Define Link-Local/Local use

A

Used like a private IP in IPv4 that can only be used on the local area network and begins with FE80

59
Q

Define Stateless Address Auto Config (SLAAC)

A

Eliminates the need to obtain addresses or other config information from a central server

60
Q

Define Multicast address

A

Used to identify a set of interfaces and begins with FF

61
Q

How do we identify a multicast address

A

begins with FF

62
Q

Define anycast address

A

Used to identify a set of interfaces so that a packet can be sent to any member of a set

63
Q

Define Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)

A

Allows a host to assign itself a unique 64-bit IPv6 interface identifier called EUI-64

64
Q

Define DHCP Protocol

A

Allows DHCP to automatically assign addresses from a DHCPv6 server

65
Q

Define Neighbour Discovery Protocol (NDP)

A

Used to determine the layer 2 addresses that are on a given network, used on IPv6

66
Q

Define Port

A

Logical communication endpoint that exists on a computer or a server

67
Q

Define Inbound port

A

Opening on a server that is listening for connection from a client

68
Q

Define Outbound port

A

Opening created on a client in order to call out to a server that is listening for a connection

69
Q

Port range

A

0-65,535

70
Q

Define well-known ports

A

ports 0-1023 are considered well-known and are assigned by the internet assigned numbers authority (IANA)

71
Q

Define registered ports

A

ports 1024 to 49151 are considered registered and are usually assigned to proprietary protcolos

72
Q

Define Dynamic or Private ports

A

Ports 49152 to 65535 can be used by an application without being registered with IANA

73
Q

What are dynamic or private ports usually used for

A

gaming, instant messaging and chat

74
Q

FTP port + function

A

20,21 + provides insecure file transfers

75
Q

Secure Shell (SSH) port + function

A

22 + secure remote control of another machine using a text- based environment

76
Q

Telnet port + function

A

23 + Provides insecure remote control of another machine using a text-based environment

77
Q

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) + function

A

25, Provides the ability to send emails over the network

78
Q

Domain Name Service (DNS) port + function

A

53, Domain Names to IP addresses and Ip addresses to Domain Names

79
Q

Dynamic Host Control Configuration (DHCP) Port + function

A

67,68 + Automatically provides network parameters such as assigned IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and the DNS server

80
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Port + function

A

80, insecure web browsing

81
Q

Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) Port + function

A

110 + Used for receiving incoming emails

82
Q

Network Basic I/O System (NetBIOS) Port + function

A

137,139 + File or printer sharing in a WINDOWS network

83
Q

Internet Mail Application Protocol (IMAP) Port + function

A

143, A newer method of retrieving incoming emails, better version of POP3

84
Q

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) port + function

A

161,162 + Used to collect data about network devices and monitor their status

85
Q

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) port + function

A

389 + provides directory services to your network

86
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol - Secure (HTTPS) port + function

A

443 + Secure and encrypted version of web browsing

87
Q

Server Message Block (SMB) port + function

A

445 + Windows file and printer sharing services

88
Q

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) port + function

A

3389 + graphical remote control of another client/server

89
Q

Define Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A

Connection-oriented protocol, which means it’s a reliable way to transport segments across the network, involves checks to see if the data was transmitted successfully

90
Q

What is involved in the 3 way handshake

A

SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK

91
Q

Define User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

Unreliable and it transmits segments called datagrams, great for audio and visual streaming

92
Q

TCP (connection-oriented) is used for

A

SSH, HTTP, HTTPS

93
Q

UDP (connectionless) is used for

A

Audio/Video streaming, DHCP, TFTP

94
Q

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) port + function

A

69 + connectionless protocol that uses UDP as its transport

A+ Sections 1-27 1011 (27 decks)

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