Section 10 - Networking Basics Flashcards
Purpose of networks
To make connections between machines
What does a hub have, what it is it the predecessor to
Has a number of different ports, generally between 4 and 48 ports, switches
What mode do hubs function in
Broadcast mode
What is a switch
Smart hub that can remember the ports that are connected to them, usually 4-48 ports
Name a benefit of switches
They can have multiple devices talking at one time
What categories of switches exist
Managed & unmanaged
Define unmanaged switch
Performs its functions without requiring a configuration
Define managed switch
Allows for configuration of extra options, works the same as an unmanaged until it receives config
Define Wireless access point
Device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
Function of routers
Used to connect different network together
function of firewall
Scans and blocks traffic that enters or leaves a network
Name an alternative to firewalls, what does it contain
Unified threat management (UTM) firewall features
Define patch panel
Device that allows cable network jacks from a wall into a central area
Function of Power over ethernet (PoE)
Supplies electrical power from a switch port over an ordinary data cable to a power device
Variants of PoE
802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt
Explain 802.3af
Allows the least amount of power to be drawn (13W), oldest
Explain 802.3at and its other name
Allows power devices to draw up to 25W (PoE+)
Explain 802.3bt and its other name
used to supply power of up to 51W (Type 3) or 73W (Type 4) (PoE++)
What do you need to use PoE
Switch that allows for it, proper cabling (cat6 and above), power device to use the data and power coming from the ethernet cable
What do you if your switch doesn’t allow for PoE
A power injector
Power injector function
Plugs into wall outlet to get power
Define cable modem
device that translates coaxial cable signals into radio frequency waves
Define Digital Subscriber Line (DSL Modem)
Device that translates coaxial cable signals into phone lines
Define Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
Terminates Fiber connection
Define Software defined networking (SDN)
Way of virtualising the network hardware
Define Personal Area Network (PAN)
Smallest type of wired or wireless network and covers the least amount of area e.g. bluetooth, USB connections
Define Local area network
Connects components within a short distance e.g. Cafe WI-FI, home WI-FI
With ethernet what standard are you going to be using
IEEE 802.3
With WI-FI what standard are you going to be using
IEEE 802.11
Define Campus Area Network (CAN)
Connects LANs that are building-centric across a university, industrial park, or business parks
Define Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), max distance
Connects scattered locations across a city/metro area. Up to around 25 miles
Define Wide Area Network (WAN)
Connects geographically disparate internal networks and consists of leased lines or VPNs e.g. Internet
Define Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
A method of connecting 2 or more devices together to create a network through wireless frequencies
Define Storage Area Network (SAN)
A method of allowing access to additional or less storage to servers through the use of a central storage area
What do SANs usually use for data transportation
Internet SCSI (iSCSI), Fibre Channel (FC)
Define Small Office, Home office (SoHo) LAN
uses a centralised server or simply provides client access to local devices like printers file storage or connection to internet
Define IoT
A global network of appliances and personal devices that have been equipped with sensors, software and network connectivity to report state and config e.g. Doorbell cameras
In terms of devices and business networks what is considered against best practice
Placing IoT systems on the business network
In terms of devices and business networks what is considered best practice
Placing IoT devices separate and segmented off from the main business network
What is critically important for the safety of business networks in regard to IoT devices
Segregation
What must you consider when configuring an IP video system
Quality of service, bandwidth, upfront cost
What categories of IoT devices are there
Hub and control system, Smart devices, wearables, sensors
Common network cable into laptop/desktop
Copper twisted cable, UTP
define Copper twisted cable
8 individual insulated copper cables twisted into pairs
2 types of twisted pair cable
UTP, STP
What is UTP
Unshielded twisted pair
What is STP
Shielded twisted pair
Difference with STP
Each pair is wrapped with metal foil and braided metallic shield wrapping. Reduces EMI (electro magnetic interference)
2 RJ connectors uses with twisted pair cables
RJ45, RJ11
What does RJ stand for
Registered Jack
What is RJ’s Function
carries voice or data which specifies the standards a device needs to meet in order to connect to the phone or data network
What are RJ45 and RJ11 used for
RJ45 is used for data network, RJ11 is used for phone networks
What is bandwidth
Theoretical measure of how much data could be transferred from a source to its destination
What is throughput
The actual measure of how much data is successfully transferred from its source to its destination
Define ethernet standard
A specific role given to a particular category that provides the ability to understand the bandwidth and the cable type to be used
What’s a recommendation for cable length in the office
Keep cable runs under 70 metres from the IDF to the office
Define Straight-through-cable (patch cable)
Contains the exact same pinouts on both ends of the cable
Purpose of 568B Standard
Preferred when wiring jacks inside building
Define crossover cable
Swaps the send and receive pins on the other end of the cable when the connector and its pinout are crushed
Define Medium dependant interference crossover (MDIX)
An automated way to electronically simulate using a crossover cable
IF your switch doesn’t support MDIX what do you need to use
A crossover cable
Define Burial Cable
A cable rating that specifies that a cable has a stronger sheathing and jacket that can withstand more extreme weather conditions
Define Plenum Cable
A special coating put on a UTP or an STP cable that provides a fire-retardant chemical layer to the outer insulating jacket
What are plenum cables used for
ceilings, walls, raised floors or air ducts. Anywhere you cant see
Define Fibre Optic Cable
Uses light from an LED or laser to transmit information through a thin glass fibre, great for long distances
Benefits of optic cables
Greater usable range, Greater data capacity
When using optic cables, what tends to be the limitation
Switches, routers and end-user devices
Draw backs of fibre optic cables
Expensive, Difficult to work with
2 categories of fibre optic cables
Single mode, multimode
Define Single Mode Fibre (SMF)
Uses for longer distances and have smaller core sizes which allow for only a single mode of travel for the light signal
Define multimode Fibre (MMF)
Used for short distances and has larger core size which allow for multiple modes of travel for the light signal
IF the fibre cable has a yellow sheath which type is it
SMF
IF the fibre cable has a aqua blue sheath which type is it
MMF
Type of fibre optic connectors
SC - subscriber connector(stick and click)
ST - Straight tip connector (Stick and twist)
LC - Lucent connector (love connector)
MTRJ - Mechanical transfer registered jack
Define coaxial cable (Coax)
One of the oldest categories of copper media that is still used in networking today
What are the two most common types of coxial cable connectors
F-type (screw on), BNC
Define twinaxial cable
Similar to coaxial cable but uses 2 inner conductors to carry the data instead of just one, up to 10gigabits/s (not common)
Function of snip/cutter
Used to cut a piece of cable off a larger spool or run of cable
Function of cable stripper
Used to strip off the end of the cable and prepare it for attachment to a connector
Function of cable crimper
Used to attach the connector to the end of the cable
Function of cable tester
Used to verify the continuity of each of the 8 individual wires inside of the twisted pair cable
Function of wire mapping tool
Works like a cable tester, but specifically for twisted pair ethernet cables
Function of cable certifier
Used to determine a cable’s category or data throughput
Define punch-down block
Terminates the wires and strips off excess installation and extra wires that are no longer needed
Define loopback adapter/device
Facilitates the testing of the simple networking issues
Define tone generator/toner probe
Used to generate a tone on the end of the connection and use the probe to audibly detect the wire connected on the other side
Function of Tap
Connects directly to the cable infrastructure and splits or copies those packet for analysis, security, or general network management
Function of wireless analyser
Ensures proper coverage and prevents overlap between WAP coverage zones and channels
When making cables what MUSTN’T WE DO
go over 100 Metres
Why would you use the toner probe
Used to find which port is tied to the patch panel, most networks aren’t set up very well
