Secretions of Salivary Glands Flashcards
What are the three lingual secretions and what secretes them?
- ) Lingual lipase: von Ebner’s glands
- ) Lingual amylase: accessory salivary glands
- ) Mucin glycoproteins: accessory salivary glands
What is secreted to make swallowing easier?
Mucin glycoproteins
What does kallikrein cause?
Vasodilation to cause more secretion in the mouth
What innervates the parotid gland?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
What innervates the sublingual gland?
Parasympathetic fibers very little sympathetic
What innervates the submandibular gland?
Strictly parasympathetic (cranial VII and IX)
What are the properties of saliva?
Alkaline and hypotonic
What do ductile cells do?
Add and take away constituents of saliva to make it alkaline and hypotonic
What is the first step to make saliva alkaline?
Secretion of HCO3 via HCO3/Cl exchanger and gets rid of Cl in the cell via Cl channel
How is saliva made hypotonic?
Reabsorption of Na and excretion of H via NHE and Na/K ATPase to get Na out of the cell
What is the second step to make saliva alkaline?
Use the K that was brought into the cell via the Na/K ATPase to exchange for H in the saliva via H/K exchanger
What occurs as there is more salivary flow/production?
A decrease in hypotonicity and decrease in alkalinity
What is the cephalic phase of secretion?
Smell or thought of food causes vagus nerve to cause release of mucous, pepsin, HCl (GI tract preparing for food arrival)
What is the gastric phase?
When food is ingested stretch and chemoreceptors send vagovagal reflex
What is the intestinal phase?
Food in the small intestine cause release of hormones as a feedback mechanism to cause slower release of chyme
What is the central gastric phase?
Gastroenteric: stimulates motility and secretion along the entire small intestine
Gastroileal: triggers the opening of the ileocecal valve allowing passage from small intestine to colon
What do enterochromaffin-like cells release?
Histamine
What do D cells release?
Somatostatin
What do G cells release?
Gastrin
What does Somatostatin do?
Inhibits acid release
What does gastrin do?
Stimulates acid
What does histamine do?
Stimulates acid
What does Ach bind to cause acid secretion?
M3 (Ca secondary)
What does histamine bind to cause acid secretion?
H2 (cAMP secondary)
What does gastrin bind to cause acid formation?
CCK-B (Ca secondary)
How do Parietal cells create HCl?
- ) Carbonic anhydrase inside cells form H+ HCO3-
- ) Formed H+ is sent out of the cell and K+ is transported into the cell via H+/K+ ATPase
- ) Formed HCO3+ is transported out and Cl- is pumped in with Cl- bicarbonate exchanger
- ) K+ is pumped in and Na out via the K/Na ATPase
- ) Rectifier K+ channels pump both K+ and Cl- out
What affect does histamine have on parietal cells?
Stimulates them
What affect does gastrin have on parietal cells?
Stimulation
What affect does Somatostatin have on parietal cells and how?
Inhibits parietal cells directly, by inhibiting G cells, or by inhibiting ECL cells
What do D cells do?
Release Somatostatin
What do G cells do?
Release gastrin
What do ECL cells do?
Release histamine
