Secretions of Salivary Glands

Question 1

What are the three lingual secretions and what secretes them?

Answer 1

1. ) Lingual lipase: von Ebner’s glands
2. ) Lingual amylase: accessory salivary glands
3. ) Mucin glycoproteins: accessory salivary glands

Question 2

What is secreted to make swallowing easier?

Answer 2

Mucin glycoproteins

Question 3

What does kallikrein cause?

Answer 3

Vasodilation to cause more secretion in the mouth

Question 4

What innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 4

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 5

What innervates the sublingual gland?

Answer 5

Parasympathetic fibers very little sympathetic

Question 6

What innervates the submandibular gland?

Answer 6

Strictly parasympathetic (cranial VII and IX)

Question 7

What are the properties of saliva?

Answer 7

Alkaline and hypotonic

Question 8

What do ductile cells do?

Answer 8

Add and take away constituents of saliva to make it alkaline and hypotonic

Question 9

What is the first step to make saliva alkaline?

Answer 9

Secretion of HCO3 via HCO3/Cl exchanger and gets rid of Cl in the cell via Cl channel

Question 10

How is saliva made hypotonic?

Answer 10

Reabsorption of Na and excretion of H via NHE and Na/K ATPase to get Na out of the cell

Question 11

What is the second step to make saliva alkaline?

Answer 11

Use the K that was brought into the cell via the Na/K ATPase to exchange for H in the saliva via H/K exchanger

Question 12

What occurs as there is more salivary flow/production?

Answer 12

A decrease in hypotonicity and decrease in alkalinity

Question 13

What is the cephalic phase of secretion?

Answer 13

Smell or thought of food causes vagus nerve to cause release of mucous, pepsin, HCl (GI tract preparing for food arrival)

Question 14

What is the gastric phase?

Answer 14

When food is ingested stretch and chemoreceptors send vagovagal reflex

Question 15

What is the intestinal phase?

Answer 15

Food in the small intestine cause release of hormones as a feedback mechanism to cause slower release of chyme

Question 16

What is the central gastric phase?

Answer 16

Gastroenteric: stimulates motility and secretion along the entire small intestine
Gastroileal: triggers the opening of the ileocecal valve allowing passage from small intestine to colon

Question 17

What do enterochromaffin-like cells release?

Answer 17

Histamine

Question 18

What do D cells release?

Answer 18

Somatostatin

Question 19

What do G cells release?

Answer 19

Gastrin

Question 20

What does Somatostatin do?

Answer 20

Inhibits acid release

Question 21

What does gastrin do?

Answer 21

Stimulates acid

Question 22

What does histamine do?

Answer 22

Stimulates acid

Question 23

What does Ach bind to cause acid secretion?

Answer 23

M3 (Ca secondary)

Question 24

What does histamine bind to cause acid secretion?

Answer 24

H2 (cAMP secondary)

Question 25

What does gastrin bind to cause acid formation?

Answer 25

CCK-B (Ca secondary)

Question 26

How do Parietal cells create HCl?

Answer 26

1. ) Carbonic anhydrase inside cells form H+ HCO3-
2. ) Formed H+ is sent out of the cell and K+ is transported into the cell via H+/K+ ATPase
3. ) Formed HCO3+ is transported out and Cl- is pumped in with Cl- bicarbonate exchanger
4. ) K+ is pumped in and Na out via the K/Na ATPase
5. ) Rectifier K+ channels pump both K+ and Cl- out

Question 27

What affect does histamine have on parietal cells?

Answer 27

Stimulates them

Question 28

What affect does gastrin have on parietal cells?

Answer 28

Stimulation

Question 29

What affect does Somatostatin have on parietal cells and how?

Answer 29

Inhibits parietal cells directly, by inhibiting G cells, or by inhibiting ECL cells

Question 30

What do D cells do?

Answer 30

Release Somatostatin

Question 31

What do G cells do?

Answer 31

Release gastrin

Question 32

What do ECL cells do?

Answer 32

Release histamine