Development of GI and Kidneys

Question 1

What part of the gut maintains its connection to the yolk sac?

Answer 1

Midgut by means of the vitelline duct

Question 2

What are the arteries supplying the foregut?

Answer 2

Celiac trunk:

Splenic, left gastric, common hepatic

Question 3

What arteries supply the midgut?

Answer 3

Superior mesenteric:

intestinal branch, ilieocolic, right colic, middle colic

Question 4

What arteries supply the hindgut?

Answer 4

Inferior mesenteric:

Left colic, sigmoid branch, superior rectal

Question 5

What is unique about foregut vs midgut/hindgut?

Answer 5

The foregut has attachments to both ventral and dorsal walls the others only have dorsal

Question 6

What is the nerve supply for the foregut?

Answer 6

Vagus

Question 7

What is the nerve supply for the midgut?

Answer 7

Vagus

Question 8

What is the nerve supply for the hindgut?

Answer 8

Pelvic splanchnics

Question 9

What does the foregut consist of?

Answer 9

Stomach to the first half of duodenum

Question 10

What does the midgut consist of?

Answer 10

Second half of duodenum to the 2/3 transverse colon

Question 11

What does the hindgut consist of?

Answer 11

Distal third of transverse colon to rectum

Question 12

What does the ventral mesentery of the liver become?

Answer 12

Falciform ligament

Question 13

What does the lesser omentum connect?

Answer 13

Liver to the lesser curvature to the stomach

Question 14

What does the left vagus innervate on the stomach?

Answer 14

Anterior portion

Question 15

What does the right vagus innervate on the stomach?

Answer 15

Posterior portion

Question 16

How does the pyloric and cardiac sphincter shift respectively due to the liver?

Answer 16

Pyloric: Right and superior
Cardiac: Left and down

Question 17

What is the septum transversum?

Answer 17

Separates abdominal from plural cavity (develops into the diaphragm)

Question 18

What is the bare area of the liver?

Answer 18

Contains no visceral pleura

Question 19

What occurs with formation of the pancreas?

Answer 19

1. ) Dorsal and Ventral buds form
2. ) Ventral pancreas rotates with stomach
3. ) Ventral bud is inferior after rotation
4. ) Fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreas

Question 20

What is the pancreatic duct formed from?

Answer 20

Ventral and dorsal (main) fusion (may have accessory pancreatic duct)

Question 21

How does the embryo communicate with the yolk sac?

Answer 21

Via the yolk stalk

Question 22

How do the intestines rotate?

Answer 22

90 degrees clockwise outside body and 180 degrees once back inside the body

Question 23

How does the cecum move in development?

Answer 23

Descends from the right upper quadrant to the right lower

Question 24

What is it called when the intestines stay outside the body?

Answer 24

Umbilical omphalocele

Question 25

What are the three kidneys in development?

Answer 25

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

Question 26

What is the pronephros?

Answer 26

First kidneys that are non functioning and degenerate

Question 27

What are the mesonephros?

Answer 27

Second kidneys functioning; degenerate

Question 28

What are the metanephros?

Answer 28

Final kidneys in adults

Question 29

What does the mesonephric duct become?

Answer 29

A part of the testis

Question 30

Where does the collecting duct come from?

Answer 30

Metanephric mesenchyme

Question 31

What comes from the uretic bud?

Answer 31

Pelvis

Major and minor calyx