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GI Exam 1 > Digestion and Absorption of Proteins > Flashcards

Digestion and Absorption of Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Three things that make up amino acids?

A

Amine group
Carboxylic acid group
Side chains - R

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2
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember essential amino acids?

A

PVT TIM HALL

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3
Q

Which essential AA is only essential in children?

A

Arginine

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4
Q

What are the essential AA?

A

Phenylalanine
Valine Tryptophan

Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine

Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
Leucine

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5
Q

What are the acidic AA?

A

Glutamine
Glutamate
Aspartate
Asparagine

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6
Q

What are the basic AA?

A

Lys

His

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7
Q

First step in digestion?

A

Mechanical (chewing)

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8
Q

What is the role of HCl?

A

Denaturation of proteins

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9
Q

What protease hydrolyzes proteins in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

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10
Q

What releases proteases?

A

Pancreas

SI

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11
Q

What do G cells do?

A

Release gastrin in the stomach

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12
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Stimulates the release of HCl from parietal cells

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13
Q

What deactivates pepsin?

A

Alkaline duodenum

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14
Q

How is pepsinogen activated?

A

It is partially activated by HCl and then auto-cleaves peptides off to become fully activated

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15
Q

What is the activation process of proteases released from the pancreas?

A

Enterokinase activates trypsinogen to trypsin
Trypsin activates chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin
Trypsin activates procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase

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16
Q

Where do endopeptidases cleave?

A

At internal amide bonds

17
Q

Where do ectopeptidases cleave?

A

At terminal amino acids of peptides

18
Q

Where are carboxypeptidases cleave?

A

At C-terminal amino acids of peptides

19
Q

Where do carboxypeptidases A and B cleave respectively?

A

A: neutral AA
B: basic AA

20
Q

How are AA absorbed?

A

Active transport (mono, di, and tri but di and tri are broken down by enzymes in membrane)

21
Q

How do AA move out of the villus epithelium?

A

Facilitated diffusion

22
Q

What channel transports peptides into the villus?

A

PEPT1 (peptide transporter 1) along with an H+

23
Q

What supplies the H+ for peptide absorption?

A

NHE sodium/hydrogen exchanger

GI Exam 1 (25 decks)

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