Gastrointestinal Infections Part II Flashcards
What virus causes the most severe diarrheal illnesses requiring hospitalization of infants and young children?
Rotavirus
What do rotaviruses cause?
Inadequate capacity to absorb fluid
Inadequate secretion of digestive enzymes
Are rotaviruses enveloped?
No they wouldn’t survive the bile
How can rotavirus be diagnosed?
Viral RNA and Ag can be detected in feces
What do Norwalk viruses include?
EBV Influenza Rotavirus Rhinovirus Measles
What is more infectious: vomiting or diarrhea?
Vomiting
Astrovirdiae are similar to what?
Calciviridae
Picornaviridae
What can entamoeba histolytica cause?
Ulcers due to pore-forming cytotoxins
Liver and lung abscesses
Where does entamoeba histolytica infect?
Cecum
Rectosigmoid regions
What does entamoeba histolytica form?
Cysts
Treatment of amoebiasis?
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Amoebiasis diagnosis?
Microscopic examination of stool for cysts
Giardia intestinalis produces what?
Foul smelling stool with excessive gas
What are nematodes?
Roundworms
What do ascaris worms do?
Move around the body
What can ascaris cause?
Urticaria (hives) and eosinophilia (increased eosinophils): Loeffler’s syndrome
When can strongyloidiasis be fatal?
When it disseminates in immunosuppressed patients causing spongyloidiasis
What are cestodes?
Tapeworms
What are cysticercus?
A tapeworm larva
Where are Taenia saginata cysticercus found?
In beef
What do damaged hepatocytes spill?
Aminotransferases (ALT, AST)
What is important in diagnosing viral infections?
Serology
Hepatitis A is a member of what family?
Picornaviridae with positive sense ssRNA
What is the diagnosis of Hepatitis A?
Anti-HAV IgM
Why is anti-HAV IgM more diagnostic than IgG?
IgM is only elevated during times of infection so if it is elevated then there was a recent infection or ongoing infection
What family does Hepatitis E belong to?
Hepeviridae
Diagnosis for Hepatitis E?
Antibodies or RNA
Hepatitis B is the member of what family?
Hepadnaviridae
What envelopes hepatitis E?
HBsAg glycoprotein
