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GI Exam 1 > Gastrointestinal Infections Part I > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Infections Part I Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A

Irritated GI system

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2
Q

What is a symptom of diarrhea?

A

Small intestines not absorbing secreted fluid and electrolytes

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3
Q

What is dysentery?

A

Invasion of large intestine resulting in bloody and purulent stool

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4
Q

What causes diarrhea?

A

Increased secretion

Decreased absorption

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5
Q

What is food-associated infection?

A

Multiplication of the organism in the body

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6
Q

What is food poisoning?

A

Microbial toxins in contaminated food

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7
Q

What do enterotoxins do?

A

Stimulate intestinal secretion (diarrhea)

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8
Q

How does cholera work?

A

B subunit binds GM1
Endocytosis
A subunit crosses ER membrane
A subunit transfers ACP ribosyl group from NAD to stimulatory G protein
G protein activates adenylate cyclase
Adenylate cyclase activates PKA using cAMP
CFTR is phosphorylated by PKA secreting Cl-

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9
Q

How are E. coli strains differentiated by their antigens?

A

Somatic (O)
Flagellar (H)
Capsule (K)

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10
Q

Most common E, coli strain in the United States?

A

Enterohemorrhagic

O157:H7

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11
Q

What does ETEC produce?

A

Enterotoxins (causing watery diarrhea)

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12
Q

What codes for enterotoxins in ETEC?

A

Plasmid

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13
Q

What does ETEC mimic?

A

Cholera toxin

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14
Q

What does ETEC cause?

A

Purely secretory diarrhea (no bloody stool or inflammation)

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15
Q

What does ETEC stand for?

A

Enterotoxigenc E coli

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16
Q

What does EPEC stand for?

A

Enteropathogenic E coli

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17
Q

What does EPEC cause?

A

Diarrhea in infants and young children sometimes bloody

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18
Q

EHEC stands for:

A

Enterohemorrhagic

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19
Q

What does EHEC encode for?

A

Shiga-like cytotoxin

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20
Q

How does EHEC shiga-like cytotoxin work?

A

Cleaves adenine off rRNA halting protein synthesis

21
Q

What can EHEC cause?

A 
Local necrosis and inflammation (hemorrhagic colitis)
Kidney damage (hemolytic-uremic syndrome)
22
Q

What medium can test for EHEC?

A

Sorbitol MacConkey: non-fermentation of sorbitol makes the strain stand out

23
Q

EIEC invasive or non-invasive?

A

Invasive

24
Q

What does EAEC do when attaching to cells?

A

Aggregates

25
Q

What is unique about E. coli bacteria?

A

Cannot kill all E. coli with antibiotics

26
Q

What part of the colon does shigella invade?

A

Descending and sigmoid colon

27
Q

What does shigella cause?

A

Bloody stool

Intestinal necrosis

28
Q

Campylobacter gram stain:

A

Gram-negative

29
Q

What diarrhea does Campylobacter cause?

A

Watery stool

30
Q

What is campylobacter associated with?

A

Guillain-Barrie syndrome due to cross-reactive antibodies (no antibiotics necessary)

31
Q

Gram stain for Vibrio cholera:

A

Gram negative

32
Q

What is the vibrio cholera flagellum arrangement?

A

Monotrichous

33
Q

Cholera stool:

A

Watery cloudy stool with mucus blebs (rice soup)

34
Q

Main treatment of cholera?

A

IV rehydration

35
Q

Where does Yersinia enterocolitica infect?

A

Ileum causing necrosis and bloody stool

36
Q

Where is Vibrio parahaemolyticus found in concentration?

A

Shellfish (filter feeders)

37
Q

Best diagnosis for Helicobacter pylori?

A

Carbon isotope-labeled urea for breath test (C 13 or 14)

38
Q

What does H. pylori do?

A

Creates ammonia

39
Q

Reaction H. pylori does:

A

CH4NO2 -> CO2 + NH3

40
Q

Why don’t you use clindamycin against C. diff?

A

It is effective against all anaerobes except C. diff making it the predominate species

41
Q

Antibiotics for C. diff?

A

Metronidazole

Vancomycin

42
Q

How to tell if it’s C. diff?

A

PCR for toxin B gene

43
Q

How to treat C. diff?

A

Fecal microbiota transplantation

44
Q

Where can you catch Clostridium perfringens?

A

Fecal bacteria that contaminate MEAT

45
Q

Where do Bacillus cereus spores germinate?

A

Cooked rice

46
Q

How do staphylococcal enterotoxins work?

A

Give you food poisoning through toxins that work on the CNS (cytokines)to induce vomiting

47
Q

What does botulism do?

A

Blocks the release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction leading to flaccid paralysis

48
Q

Treatment for botulism?

A

Animal-derived antitoxin

GI Exam 1 (25 decks)

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