Screening

Question 1

What is screening?

Answer 1

Identifying apparently healthy people who may be at increased risk of a disease or condition

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

Incidence, serious effect on health, treatable or preventable

Question 3

Test

Answer 3

Non-invasive and easily carried out, accurate and reliable

Question 4

Programme

Answer 4

Widespread and available, voluntary participation

Question 5

False positive

Answer 5

Referred for further assessment but doesn’t have condition

Question 6

False negative

Answer 6

Not referred but has condition

Question 7

Prevalence

Answer 7

Number of individuals with target condition

Question 8

Equation for prevalence

Answer 8

Number of people with disease/total in population x 100

Question 9

Sensitivity

Answer 9

Availability to detect disease

Question 10

Specificity

Answer 10

Ability to not detect unaffected individuals

Question 11

Positive predicted value

Answer 11

Probability that subjects with positive test truly have disease

Question 12

Negative predicted value

Answer 12

Probability that subjects with negative result don’t have disease

Question 13

Bowel cancer screening

Answer 13

Detects cancer at early stage and detects polyps

Question 14

Cervical screening

Answer 14

Detects abnormalities of cervix and referral for treatment

Question 15

Foetal anomaly screening programme

Answer 15

Ultrasound scans to assess chance of baby being born with Down’s (T21), Edwards (T18) or Patau’s (T13) syndromes - combined tests. 14-20 weeks conduct quadruple test (Down syndrome only). A scan for abnormalities takes place 18-21 weeks. This allows for further screening and diagnostic tests if required

Question 16

Newborn blood spot screening programme

Answer 16

Phenylketonuria
Congenital hypothyroidism 
Sickle cell disease
Cystic fibrosis
MCADD
Maple syrup urine disease
Isovaleric academia 
Glutaric aciduria type 1
Homocystinuria

Question 17

Amniocentesis

Answer 17

15 weeks

1% risk of miscarriage

Question 18

CVS

Answer 18

11-14 weeks

Question 19

Combined test

Answer 19

10-14 weeks
PAPP-A
B-hCG
Nuchal translucency

Question 20

Quadruple test

Answer 20

14-20 weeks 
AFP
hCG
uE3
inhibin