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Endocrine and reproductive system > Introduction to reproductive system > Flashcards

Introduction to reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

testes function

A

Produce sperm and secrete hormones

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2
Q

Ductal system function

A

Transport and store sperm, assist in maturation and deliver sperm and semen into female reproductive tract

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3
Q

Structures in ductal system

A

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, penis, urethra

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4
Q

Function of spermatic cord

A

Supporting system for male reproductive system - ductus deferent, testicular artery and vein, autonomic nerves

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5
Q

Accessory sex glands in males

A

Seminal vesicles/glands (secrete seminal fluid), prostate (homologous to paraurethral glands in female), bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands (homologous to greater vestibular glands in female)

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6
Q

What does scrotum do?

A

Support testes

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7
Q

Conditions male reproductive system

A
  • Hydrocele of scrotum
  • Scrotal hernia
  • Spermatogenesis
  • Testicular torsion
  • Undescended testis
  • Vasectomy for sterilization
  • Infertility
  • Impotence - erectile malfunctions
  • Congenital malformations
  • Spread of infections
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8
Q

Function of ovaries

A

Produce gametes and secrete hormones

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9
Q

Function of uterine tubules/oviducts

A

Conduit for transport of sperm and oocytes for fertilisation

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10
Q

Function of uterus

A

Pathway for transport of sperm and site of implantation of ovum

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11
Q

Function of peritoneal folds/;ligaments

A

Supports ovaries, uterine tube and uterus

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12
Q

Function of vagina

A

Receptacle for penis during intercourse, outlet for blood and passageway for childbirth

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13
Q

What is ecxternal genitalia made of?

A

Mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule (between labia minora)

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14
Q

Accessory sex glands in female

A
  • Paraurethral glands (homologous to prostate)
  • Greater vestibular of Bartholin’s glands (homologous to bulbourethral glands in males)
  • Bulb of vestibule (homologous to corpus spongiosum and bulb of penis in males)
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15
Q

Clinical issues in female reproductive system

A
  • Oogenesis
  • Ovarian cyst or tumour
  • Tubal ligation for sterilisation
  • Tubal block in infertility
  • Uterine prolapse
  • Hysterectomy
  • Congenital malformations
  • Spread of infections
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16
Q

Development of reproductive system

A
  • Shares common structural origin with urinary system
  • Genetic and structural sex determination
  • Hormonal influence
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17
Q

Which two germ layers is the reproductive system derived from?

A

Mesoderm and endoderm

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18
Q

What is the mesoderm germ layer divided into?

A

Paraxial, intermediate and lateral plate

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19
Q

Mesonephric system

A

Intermediate mesodermal germ layer structure

Contributes to renal tubules, ureter, reproductive system, uterine canal and vagina

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20
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Part of distal embryonic handgun - endodermal germ layer

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21
Q

What are the indifferent gonads?

A

Located in posterior abdominal walls
Forms longitudinal urogenital ridges with mesonephros
Primitive sex cords

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22
Q

When do gonads acquire sexual characteristics?

A

Week 6/7

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23
Q

When do testes/ovaries form?

A

Week 6-8

24
Q

What are the two pairs of ducts in embryos?

A

Mesnophric or Wolffian

Paramesonephric or Mullerian

25
Q

What happens to the ducts of a male embryo?

A

Paramesonephric/Mullerian ducts gradually degrease

Mesonephric ducts form: epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vessels

26
Q

What does the mesonephric duct form in male embryos?

A

Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Seminal vessels

27
Q

What happens to the ducts of a female embryo?

A

Mesonephric or Wolffian ducts degenerate

Paramesonephric/Mullerian ducts form uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, upper vagina

28
Q

How do the uterine tubes and uterus form?

A

Fusion and canalisation of L and R paramesonephric ducts forms uterus
Unfused parts of paramesonephric ducts L and R form uterine tubes

29
Q

What is the vagina formed from?

A

Paramesonephric ducts - mesodermal layer

Urogenital sinus of cloaca - endodermal layer

30
Q

How does vagina form?

A

Cloaca - urogenital sinus - sinovaginal bulbs - vaginal plate

31
Q

Characteristics of external genitalia weeks 3-6

A

Represented by cloacal folds and genital swelling

32
Q

What happens to form male external genitalia?

A

Genital tubercle forms phallus
Urethral folds fuse to form penile urethra
Genital swellings fuse to form scrotum

33
Q

How do female external genitalia form?

A

Gental tubercle forms clitoris
Urethral folds form labia minor
Genital swellings form labia majora
Urogenital groove forms vagina

34
Q

What does the gubernaculum do?

A

Descent of gonads

35
Q

What is epispadias?

A

Opening of penis is on dorsal side

36
Q

Congenital malformations

A
  • Uterine and vaginal defects
  • Bifid or double penis
  • Hernias
  • Cyptorchidism
  • Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY)
  • Turner syndrome (45, X)
  • Androgen insensitivity syndrome - genetically male but phenotypically female
  • Hermaphroditism
37
Q

Internal iliac artery supply

A

Uterus, ligaments of uterus, medial vagina

38
Q

Vaginal branch supply

A

Lower vagina and vestibular bulb

39
Q

Inferior vesical artery supply in males

A

Prostate, seminal glands and ductus deferens

40
Q

Superior vesical artery supply

A

Ductus deferens

41
Q

Middle rectal artery supply

A

Seminal glands, testis and vagina

42
Q

Internal pudendal artery supply

A

Main artery of perineum

43
Q

Abdominal aorta supply

A

Testicular/ovarian artery - tubal branch - testis/epididymis and ovary/ampullary tube

44
Q

Lymph nodes draining m and f reproductive system

A
  • Lumbar nodes
  • Common iliac nodes
  • Sacral nodes
  • Internal iliac nodes
  • External iliac nodes
  • Deep inguinal nodes
  • Superficial inguinal nodes
45
Q

What do parasympathetic fibres supply?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves from S2-S4

Motor fiber to uterus and vagina

46
Q

Where does pudendal supply

A

Perineum

47
Q

How do testes form?

A

Level of 10th thoracic vertebra in posterior abdominal wall, descend to positions via gubernaculum ligament

48
Q

Epispadias

A

Opening of urethra is on side of penis

49
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

47, XXY

50
Q

Turner syndrome

A

45, X

51
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

Genetically male but phenotypically female

52
Q

Lymph drainage of scrotum

A

Superficial inguinal node

53
Q

Vascular supply of reproductive systems

A

Abdominal aorta and internal iliac

54
Q

Main arteries to genitals

A

Abdominal aorta

Internal iliac

55
Q

Nerve supply uterus

A

Parasympathetic fibres carried by splanchnic nerve - S2-4

56
Q

Sensation innervation of vagina and perineum

A

Pudendal nerve S2-4

Endocrine and reproductive system (25 decks)

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