Blood groups and anti-D in pregnancy Flashcards
What are antibodies?
Immunoglobulins that bind to antigens via lock and key model
If your blood type is A, what antigens will you have
Anti-B
Why are O -ve people universal donors?
No antigens for AB and no rhesus antigen
Why is it beneficial to have AB blood?
Tolerates all antigens
Why is it bad to have wrong blood transfusion?
Septic shock
How do we test for antigens in the blood?
Add pt blood to immunoglobulins
Observe for clotting
Clotting means antigen is complementary to immunoglobulin
If you have anti-A immunoglobulin, which antigens do you have?
A
What is blood typing?
Single drops of blood are mixed with antibodies - if agglutination occurs it corresponds to antigen on RBC
What is blood crossmatching?
Donor blood selected which is ABO compatible
Donor and recipient blood mixed
No agglutination = compatible
Blood mixing
Mix with: Anti B antibodies Anti A antibodies Anti rhesus antibodies Agglutination = blood not compatible with that antibody No agglutination = Rh negative
Haemolytic disease of newborn
Small amount of Rh +ve leaks from foetus to Rh -ve mother via placenta
Mother makes Rh -ve antibodies
Blood mixes at birth
In subsequent pregnancies, Rh +ve foetus will be attacked
What is given to Rh -ve mothers?
Anti-rhesus gama globulin
Why is rhesus haemolytic disease dangerous?
Fatal hydros fettlesfetalis
If you are blood group A what will you have in your blood?
RBC A
Anti B antibodies
A antigens
If you are blood group AB what will you have in your blood?
RBC AB
No antibodies
A and B antigens
