Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine and reproductive system > Major endocrine glands and their specialised cells > Flashcards

Major endocrine glands and their specialised cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is an endocrine organ?

A

Makes hormones that are released into the blood and travel to tissues and organs all over the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do exocrine organs do?

A

Secrete hormones to outside of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the pituitary gland found?

A

Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica of sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is pituitary attached to hypothalamus?

A

Stalk called infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is diabetes inspidius caused by?

A

Deficiency of vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is acromegaly caused by?

A

Excess of GH in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is hypothyroidism caused by?

A

Deficiency of TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is hyperpituitarism caused by?

A

Over secretion of thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is panhypopituitarism caused by?

A

Decreased secretion of most hormones from pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is thyroid located?

A

C5-T1 vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does isthmus do?

A

Unites two thyroid gland lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does external carotid artery supply?

A 
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital 
Posterior auricular
Maxillary 
Superficial temporal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is venous plexus?

A

Thyroid and anterior trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does superior thyroid veins do?

A

Accompany superior arteries to IJV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What des middle thyroid veins do?

A

Run parallel to inferior arteries to IJV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do inferior thyroid veins do?

A

Independent to brachiocephalic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where do pretracheal, prelaryngeal and pretracheal nodes drain to?

A

Superior and inferior deep cervical nodes, brachiocephalic lymph nodes and thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nerves in thyroid gland

A

Superior, middle ,inferior cervical ganglia, via cardiac, superior and inferior plexuses which accompany arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which nerve causes vocal cord paralysis?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

20
Q

What is in carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus

21
Q

Hyper symptoms

A

Tachycardia, diarrhoea, sweaty, weight loss, irritable, tremor, anxiety

22
Q

Hypo symptoms

A

Lethargic, bradycardia, constipation, low metabolism, weight gain

23
Q

Goitre symptoms

A

Non-neoplastic non-inflammatory enlargement due to iodine deficiency

24
Q

Carcinoma symptoms

A

Papillary, follicular, medullary - multiple neoplastic syndromes

25
Q

Where is superior parathyroid gland?

A

Above point of entry of inferior thyroid artery

26
Q

Where is inferior parathyroid gland?

A

Below point of entry of inferior thyroid artery into thyroid gland

27
Q

Which cells secrete PTH?

A

chief/principal cells

28
Q

In parathyroid cancer, which cells secrete PTH?

A

Oxyphil cells

29
Q

Blood supply to parathyroid

A

Branches of inferior thyroid arteries, veins drain into thyroid plexus of thyroid glands and trachea

30
Q

Where do lymph vessels supplying parathyroid drain into?

A

Deep cervical and paratracheal lymph nodes

31
Q

Nerve supply of thyroid gland

A

Nerve fibres supplying parathyroid gland are derived from thyroid branches of cervical ganglia

32
Q

What impact does PTH have on bones?

A

Release calcium

33
Q

What impact does PTH have on kidneys?

A

Reduce calcium clearance, vit D activation

34
Q

What impact does PTH have on intestines?

A

Activated vit D helps absorption calcium in gut

35
Q

Where are adrenal glands?

A

Kidneys

36
Q

Arterial supply of kidneys

A

Suprarenal artery (from inferior phrenic), middle suprarenal artery (from abdominal aorta), inferior suprarenal artery (from renal artery)

37
Q

Venous supply of kidneys

A

Right suprarenal to IVC, left suprarenal to left renal vein

38
Q

Phaochromocytoma

A

Paraganglioma (catecholamine secreting tumour)

Hypertension

39
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Adrenal medulla

Childhood Ca

40
Q

Cushing’s

A

Glucocorticoid excess

41
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

Hyperaldosterium

42
Q

What does zona glomerulosa do?

A

Aldosterone: kidneys retain Na and water and excrete K to increase BP and volume, ACTH transient control, angiotensin II when BP drops

43
Q

What does zona fasciculata do?

A

Glucocorticoids: cortisol, cortisterone, cortisone, ACTH, cortisol enhances glucagon and catecholamine - enhances metabolism

44
Q

What does zona reticularis do’;

A

Androgens DHEA

45
Q

Neuroblastoma/Will’s tumour

A

Kidney tumour, swelling in left scrotum (left gonadal vein and into left renal vein)

46
Q

Pancreas exocrine function

A

Pancreatic juice from acing cells into pancreatic ducts and duodenum

47
Q

Pancreas endocrine function

A

Glucagon A cells

Insulin B cells

Endocrine and reproductive system (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions