Nutrition in pregnancy

Question 1

What is low birth weight linked to?

Answer 1

CVD, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome

Question 2

What does foetal undernutrition in late gestation lead to?

Answer 2

Disproportionate foetal growth, coronary heart disease

Question 3

How much weight do pregnant women put on?

Answer 3

10-12.5 kg

Question 4

What is excessive weight gain associated with?

Answer 4

Complications in pregnancy, labour and obesity

Question 5

What is BMR?

Answer 5

Basal metabolic rate

Question 6

What is TEF?

Answer 6

Thermic Effect of Food

Question 7

What is a critical period in pregnancy?

Answer 7

Intense development and cell division

Question 8

How to get folic acid

Answer 8

Fruits and green leafy vegetables

Question 9

When is folic acid essential?

Answer 9

3 weeks of pregnancy

Question 10

Which type of vitamin is folic acid?

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Why is folate needed?

Answer 11

DNA synthesis, amino acid metabolism, methylation of genes proteins and lipids

Question 12

Deficiency of folate

Answer 12

Spina bifida and anencephaly

Question 13

Why is extra iron needed in pregnancy?

Answer 13

Foetal growth/development, placental growth, expansion of mother’s RBC mass, loss of blood in labour

Question 14

Severe vitamin D deficiency in mother

Answer 14

Rickeys

Question 15

Symptoms of congenital rickets

Answer 15

It causes soft and weak bones, symptoms include bowed legs, stunted growth and bone pain

Question 16

Why might a mother have less vitamin D?

Answer 16

Osteomalacia, coeliac condition, malabsorption and pre-eclampsia

Question 17

How is vitamin D produced?

Answer 17

Cholesterol gets converts to pre-vitamin D3 by UB sun

Pre-vitamin D3 activated in liver and kidney = vitamin D

Question 18

Why is vitamin A good?

Answer 18

• Promotes vision, protein synthesis, cell differentiation, supports reproduction and growth, immune system
• Supports foetal growth

Question 19

Where is vitamin A stored?

Answer 19

Liver

Question 20

Why should liver be avoided in pregnancy?

Answer 20

High in vitamin A

Question 21

Why is vitamin A bad?

Answer 21

teratogenic in high doses

Question 22

Symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 22

Small head, poor growth, distinct facial features, movement and coordination problems, learning difficulties, mood attention of behavioural problems, hearing and vision problems, problems with kidneys, liver, heart and other organs

Question 23

Why are soft cheeses bad?

Answer 23

Listeriosis