Science S1 Chapter 7 Particulate Theory of Matter (Part 1)

Question 1

description of matter

Answer 1

matter has mass and takes up space

Question 2

what are the 3 states of matter

Answer 2

solid, liquid and gas

Question 3

what does the particulate theory of matter state?

Answer 3

1. all matter is made up of particles (atoms / molecules)
2. the particles are in constant and random motion

Question 4

how does the particulate theory of matter help us?

Answer 4

1. constructed to show how particles in solid, liquid and gaseous state of a substance are arranged
2. helps to explain the properties of the substances in these states

Question 5

what is the arrangement of particles in a solid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)

Answer 5

they are packed very closely in a regular arrangement

Question 6

what is the movement of particles in a solid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)

Answer 6

they can only vibrate about their fixed positions because the particles are held in their fixed positions by very strong forces of attraction

Question 7

what are the properties of a solid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)

Answer 7

1. have definite shape and volume
2. dense and hard
3. cannot be compressed

Question 8

what is the arrangement of particles in a liquid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)

Answer 8

they are packed closely together in an irregular arrangement

Question 9

what is the movement of particles in a liquid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)

Answer 9

the particles are able to slide past each other throughout the liquid as the particles are still held by strong forces of attraction between them.

Question 10

what are the properties a liquid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)

Answer 10

1. have definite volume but no definite shape
2. dense but not hard
3. cannot be compressed

Question 11

what is the arrangement of particles in a gas? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)

Answer 11

they are spaced very far apart and irregularly arranged

Question 12

what is the movement of particles in a gas? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)

Answer 12

they are able to move randomly and freely at great speeds in all directions throughout the container as they are held together by weak forces of attraction

Question 13

what are the properties of a gas? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)

Answer 13

1. no definite shape or volume
2. not dense
3. can be compressed easily due to large empty space between particles

Question 14

definition of melting

Answer 14

a process in which a solid changes into a liquid without a change in temperature

Question 14

definition of melting point

Answer 14

temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid without a change in temperature

Question 15

definition of boiling

Answer 15

a process in which a liquid changes into a gas without a change in temperature

Question 16

definition of boiling point

Answer 16

the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas without a change in temperature

Question 17

definition of freezing

Answer 17

a process in which a liquid changes into a solid without a change in temperature

Question 18

definition of freezing point

Answer 18

the temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid without any change in temperature

Question 19

definition of condensation

Answer 19

a process in which a gas changes into a liquid

Question 19

definition of sublimation

Answer 19

a process in which a solid changes into a gas

Question 19

definition of evaporation

Answer 19

a process in which a liquid changes into a gas at any temperature between melting point and boiling point

Question 20

definition of deposition

Answer 20

a process in which a gas changes into a liquid

Question 20

is melting point equivalent to freezing point

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

what is the 2nd similarity between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 21

both require heat to be taken in
(boiling: heat from a heating source)
(evaporation: heat is from the environment)

Question 21

what is the 1st difference between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 21

boiling only occurs at boiling point (fixed temp) while evaporation takes place at any temperature between melting point and boiling point

Question 22

what is the 1st similarity between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 22

both processes involve a change in state from liquid to gas

Question 22

relation between temperature and average kinetic energy of particles (1)

Answer 22

at the microscopic (particle) level, the temperature of an object is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object

Question 23

what is the 2nd difference between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 23

boiling takes place throughout the liquid while evaporation takes place at the surface of the liquid

Question 23

what is the 3rd difference between boiling and evaporation?

Answer 23

boiling is a rapid process while evaporation is a slow process

Question 24

relation between temperature and average kinetic energy of particles (2)

Answer 24

when particles are moving faster, they will have more kinetic energy and the temperature of the object will be higher

Question 25

relation between temperature and average kinetic energy of particles (3)

Answer 25

when the particles are moving slower, they will have less kinetic energy and the temperature of the object will be lower