Science S1 Chapter 7 Particulate Theory of Matter (Part 1) Flashcards
Refer to notes when revising too!!!
description of matter
matter has mass and takes up space
what are the 3 states of matter
solid, liquid and gas
what does the particulate theory of matter state?
- all matter is made up of particles (atoms / molecules)
- the particles are in constant and random motion
how does the particulate theory of matter help us?
- constructed to show how particles in solid, liquid and gaseous state of a substance are arranged
- helps to explain the properties of the substances in these states
what is the arrangement of particles in a solid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)
they are packed very closely in a regular arrangement
what is the movement of particles in a solid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)
they can only vibrate about their fixed positions because the particles are held in their fixed positions by very strong forces of attraction
what are the properties of a solid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)
- have definite shape and volume
- dense and hard
- cannot be compressed
what is the arrangement of particles in a liquid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)
they are packed closely together in an irregular arrangement
what is the movement of particles in a liquid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)
the particles are able to slide past each other throughout the liquid as the particles are still held by strong forces of attraction between them.
what are the properties a liquid? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)
- have definite volume but no definite shape
- dense but not hard
- cannot be compressed
what is the arrangement of particles in a gas? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)
they are spaced very far apart and irregularly arranged
what is the movement of particles in a gas? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)
they are able to move randomly and freely at great speeds in all directions throughout the container as they are held together by weak forces of attraction
what are the properties of a gas? (can see notes for pic when revising :3)
- no definite shape or volume
- not dense
- can be compressed easily due to large empty space between particles
definition of melting
a process in which a solid changes into a liquid without a change in temperature
definition of melting point
temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid without a change in temperature
definition of boiling
a process in which a liquid changes into a gas without a change in temperature
definition of boiling point
the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas without a change in temperature
definition of freezing
a process in which a liquid changes into a solid without a change in temperature
definition of freezing point
the temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid without any change in temperature
definition of condensation
a process in which a gas changes into a liquid
definition of sublimation
a process in which a solid changes into a gas
definition of evaporation
a process in which a liquid changes into a gas at any temperature between melting point and boiling point
definition of deposition
a process in which a gas changes into a liquid
is melting point equivalent to freezing point
yes
what is the 2nd similarity between boiling and evaporation?
both require heat to be taken in
(boiling: heat from a heating source)
(evaporation: heat is from the environment)
what is the 1st difference between boiling and evaporation?
boiling only occurs at boiling point (fixed temp) while evaporation takes place at any temperature between melting point and boiling point
what is the 1st similarity between boiling and evaporation?
both processes involve a change in state from liquid to gas
relation between temperature and average kinetic energy of particles (1)
at the microscopic (particle) level, the temperature of an object is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object
what is the 2nd difference between boiling and evaporation?
boiling takes place throughout the liquid while evaporation takes place at the surface of the liquid
what is the 3rd difference between boiling and evaporation?
boiling is a rapid process while evaporation is a slow process
relation between temperature and average kinetic energy of particles (2)
when particles are moving faster, they will have more kinetic energy and the temperature of the object will be higher
relation between temperature and average kinetic energy of particles (3)
when the particles are moving slower, they will have less kinetic energy and the temperature of the object will be lower
