Science Cells Pt.2 (Sec1) Flashcards
Cellular Organisation + Division of Labour + Adaptations
What are the 5 main organ systems in the body?
Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory, Skeletal and Muscular
What is the cellular organisation in man?
Cells->Tissue->Organ->Organ Systen->Oragnism
- Cells + Example (Human)
Different types of cells have specialized functions & A heart muscle cell contracts rhythmically
- Tissue + Example (Human)
Cells of the same kind that perform a similar job are grouped together to form the tissue & Heart muscle tissue is formed by many heart cells
- Organ (Human)
An organ is formed by several tissues working together to perform a specialized function
- Organ Example (Human)
Heart organ is formed by muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerve tissue and connective tissue, It pumps oxygen rich blood to all cells in the body
- Organ System (Human)
Organs with similar roles work together to function efficiently andfor a specialised purpose to form an organ system
- Organ System Example (Human)
The heart, arteries and veins of the cardiovascular system work together to transport blood to all parts of the body
- Organism (Human)
The different organ systems work together to make up the entire body of an organism
- Organism Example (Human)
All the systems work together to enable the body to function properly
What are the 2 main organ systems in a plant?
Root system and the shoot system
Parts of the root system?
Main roots, branched roots and root hairs
Parts of the shoot system
Leaves, stems, flower buds and flowers
Cellular Organisation in plants?
Cells-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Organism
- Cells (plants)
Guard cells allow gaseous exchange to take place
- Tissues (Plants)
Epidermal tissue is made up of many closed packed cells, including guard cells. This tissue helps prevent water loss and allows for gaseous exchange
- Organism (plant)
The shoot and root systems work together to help the plant grow and function
- Organ (plants)
The leaf in an organ is where food substances are formed. The leaf is protected from the external environment by epidermal tissue
- Organ system (plants)
The shoot system includes the organs leaves, stems, buds and flowers (flowering plant)
Do cells work independently at cellular level?
No
What do other cells work with at cellular level?
Other cells & tissues
Tissue example in animals
Muscle Tissue
Tissue example in plants
Epidermis of leaf
What are organs?
A group of diffferent tissues working together for a specific function
Organ example in animals
Stomach: smooth muscle tissue, connective tissueand nervous tissue
What are tissues?
Cells of the same type work together to perform a specific function
Organ example in plants
Leaf: epidermis, ground tissue & transporting tissue (xylem & pholem)
What is a system?
A group of different organs working together for a specific function
System example in humans
Digestive system
System example in plants
Plant reproductive system
What is the division of labour?
Different types of cells are suited to perform different functions in the living organism
What are the advantages of the division of labour?
Faster, less wastage or energy, time and materials. (More efficient)
RBC Adaptation 1
Contains haemoglobin that binds to oxygen reversibly to transport oxygen to other parts of the body
RBC Adaptation 2
No nucleus so more haemoglobin can be packed into the cell to transport more oxygen around the body per unit time
RBC Adaptation 4
Has flexible and elastic membrane which allows RBC to squeeze through narrow blood capilaries to transport oxygen to all parts of the body
RBC Adaptation 3
Circular, biconcave shape increases surface area to volume ratio so that oxygen can diffuse/move into and out of the cell at a faster rate
RHC Function
Absorb water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil
RHC Adaptation 1
Long and narrow outgrowth to increase surface area to volume ratio for faster rate of absorption of water & dissolved mineral salts from the soil solution
Palisade cell Function
Carry out photosynthesis
Palisade cell Adaptation
Have numerous chloroplast that contain chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis
