Science S1 Chapter 3 ECM Flashcards
REFER TO NOTES PAGE 9
Description of an element
An element is the basic building block(s) of living and non-living matter
What is the definition of an element?
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods (heating / use of light)
second way elements can be classified
as metals or non metals
is an element an impure or pure substance?
pure
first way elements can be classified
by their state (solid / liquid / gas) at room temperature
definition of a compound
a compound is a pure substance containing two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio by mass
third way elements can be classified
arranged in the periodic table
is a compound a pure or impure substance?
pure
what is the first characteristic of a compound?
different elements in a compound are chemically joined together in a fixed ratio by mass
what is the third characteristic of a compound?
compounds cannot be separated into their elements by physical means methods
what is the second characteristic of a compound?
compound have different properties from the elements they are made of
the second characteristic of a mixture
a mixture has the properties of the substances that it is made of
definition of a mixture
a mixture is made up of two or more substances that are not joined together chemically
is a mixture a pure substance?
no
the third characteristic of a mixture
a mixture can be easily separated into its components by physical means
the first characteristic of a mixture
the substances in a mixture can be mixed in any proportion
there are 4
what are the properties of non-metals?
- usually poor conductors of heat and electricity
- usually dull and soft (non-metals that are solid)
- brittle (solid non-metals)
- does not corrode
there ar 5
what are the properties of metal?
- good conductors of heat and electricity
- shiny (some are dull on the surface but shiny underneath)
- malleable (can be beaten into different shapes without breaking)
- ductile (can be pulled into thin wire without breaking)
- some corrode easily (gold doesnt)
what is the first way we can use to identify elements in a compound?
by its chemical name
mono = ?
di = ?
tri = ?
tetra = ?
mono = 1
di = 2
tri = 3
tetra = 4
(eg: carbon monoxide: CO)
(eg: carbon dioxide: CO2)
what is the difference between a mixture and a compound based on their properties?
a mixture has the same properties of the substances that it is made of while a compound has different properties from the elements they are made of.
what is the second way we can use to identify the elements in a compound?
from its chemical formula
not advisible for you
what is the first general rule when identifiying elements in a compound using its’ chemical name?
a compound made from two elements has a name that ends in ‘-ide’
what is the second general rule when identifiying elements in a compound using its’ chemical name?
a compound that contains oxygen usually has a name ending in ‘oxide’ or ‘-ate’
what is the difference between a mixture and a compound based on the methods that can be used to separate them?
a mixture can be separated by physical means but a compound but a compound can only be separated by chemical processes
what is the definition of a solution?
a solution is a clear mixture made up of a solute dissolved in a solvent
what is the definition of a suspension?
a suspension is a mixture formed when a solid does not dissolve in a liquid
what is the first characteristic of a solution?
the mixture is always clear / transparent; light can pass through it
what is the second characteristic of a solution?
when left to stand, the solute particles in a solution do not settle to the bottom
what is the third characteristic of a solution?
the solute particles in a solution can pass through filter paper
what is the fourth characteristic of a solution?
it can be coloured or colourless
what is the fifth characteristic of a solution?
the solute in a solution can be a solid, liquid or gas
what is the third characteristic of a suspension?
the solid particles in a suspension cannot pass through filter paper
what is the definition of “soluble”?
ability to dissolve in a liquid
what is the first characteristic of a suspension?
the mixture in a suspension is usually cloudy or opaque; light cannot be seen passing through it
what are examples of solutions?
sugar solution, fizzy drinks, salt solution
what is the second characteristic of a suspension?
when left to stand, the solid particles in a suspension settle to the bottom
what is the definition of a solute?
a substance that dissolves in a solvent
description of a concentrated solution
a concentrated solution has the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a fixed volume of solvent at a given temperature
examples of suspensions?
blood or milk
what is the definition of “insoluble”?
unable to dissolve in a liquid
what is the definition of a solvent
a substance that dissolves substances (solutes) to form a solution
what is a dilute solution?
a dilute solution is a solution that has a small amount of solute dissolved in a large volume of solvent
what is the definition of “residue”?
residue is the insoluble solid that remains in the filter funnel during filtration
what is the definition of “solubility”?
the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature
what is the definition of “filtrate”?
the liquid obtained after the filtration process
what is a saturated solution?
a saturated solution is when no more solute is able to dissolve in the solution.
what is a concentrated solution?
a concentrated solution is the addition of more solute into the solvent which makes a solution more concentrated
