Science Chapter 8 Part 1 Flashcards
hehehehehehehhehe refer to notes too RAHHHHHHHHH
what is matter?
a substance that takes up space (occupies a volume)
what is matter made up of?
particles called atoms
what is an atom?
the atom is the smallest unit of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction
what is an atom made up of?
three atomic parts (same in all atoms and are within the atom)
what is a proton?
a proton is positively charged
what is an electron?
an electron is negatively charged
what is a neutron?
a neutron is a neutral particle and has no charge
what is the nucleus made up of?
protons and neutrons
what is the:
-symbol
-relative mass
-relative charge
for a proton?
-symbol: p
-relative mass: 1
-relative charge: +1
what is an electron shell?
electrons orbit around the nucleus in a path known as electron shell
what is the:
-symbol
-relative mass
-relative charge
of an electron?
-symbol: e
-relative mass: 1/1836
-relative charge: -1
what is the:
-symbol
-relative mass
-relative charge
of a neutron?
-symbol: n
-relative mass: 1
-relative charge: 0
what is the first way atoms can be represented with?
using a diagram (showing the sub-atomic particles) which must include a key / legend
what does the identity of atom depend on?
the number of protons
example of how the identity of an atom depends on the number of protons?
if an atom has 3 protons, it means that it is lithium.
what is the second way atoms can be represented with?
using a diagram showing the number of protos and neutrons in the middle
what is the fourth way atoms can be represented with?
using symbols
explanation for when atoms are represented using symbols?
Z
X
A
Z represents the nucleon (mass) number
A represents the proton (atomic) number (will always be smallest number)
X represents the symbol of the element
what is the third way atoms can be represented with?
using a diagram showing the identity of the element in the middle
what is the definition of nucleon number / mass number?
number of protons and neutrons in an atom
what is the definition of proton number / atomic number?
number of protons in an atom
how are electrons arranged in an atom?
in an atom, electrons are arranged in electron shells
how is the question form different when they ask to represent atoms with atomic symbol VS periodic table?
atomic symbol:
Z = nucleon no. / mass no.
X = symbol of element
A = proton no. / atomic no.
periodic table: (can check using periodic table during exams when unsure hehe)
Z = proton no. / atomic no.
X = symbol of element
A = relative atomic mass
in an atom ___________
in an atom, the NUMBER of POSITIVELY CHARGED PROTONS = NUMBER of NEGATIVELY CHARGED ELECTRONS
what is the charge of an atom?
an atom is electrically neutral (zero net charge / has no charge) as it has the same number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons
what is an electron shell?
an electron shell is a region outside the nucleus where electrons can be found.
True Or False?
An atom has several electron shells
True. An atom has several electron shells
Is there a limit to the number of electrons each shell can take?
Yes
For the 1st 20 elements:
what is the max. number of electrons for the 1st shell?
2
For the 1st 20 elements:
what is the max. number of electrons for the 2nd shell?
8
For the 1st 20 elements:
what is the max. number of electrons for the 2nd shell?
8
what must a drawing of atomic structure include?
must have a key
what is the electric configuration of magnesium if the proton (atomic) number is 12?
2.8.2
what must a drawing of an atomic structure include?
a legend / key
what is the outermost electron shell known as?
valence shell
what are the electrons in the outermost shell known as?
valence electrons
if the electric configuration of oxygen is 2.6, how many valence electrons does it have?
6
what does the number of valence electron (s) reveal?
it reveals information on the group number of that particular atom. (2 valence electrons : group 2)
if the atom has 3 and more valence electrons, the group number will be the number of valence electrons + 10 (eg: 3 valence electrons + 10 = group 13)
the atoms of elements in the same group = ?
the atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons
the number of electron shells (which is the number of digits in an atom’s electric configuration) is the same as?
the number of electron shells is the same as the period number. (eg : oxygen electric configuration is 2.6, so 2 shells. oxygen is in group 2)
(eg: sodium electric configuration is 2.8.1, so 3 shells, 3 + 10 = group 13)
what happens after an ion loses or gains 1 or more electrons?
the number of proton and electrons are not balanced, thus resulting in an overall change
what is an anion?
negatively charged & a change in name (fluorine to fluoride)
how does a fluorine atom become a flouride ion?
it gains 1 electron
what is a cation?
positively charged & no change in name
what happens when a fluorine atom gains an electron?
F (2.7) to F- (anion) (2.8)
F- is -ve charged ion (because now there are more electrons than protons in the atom, which is why F- when it gains an electron)
how does a sodium atom turn into a sodium ion?
it loses an electron
true or false?
no. of protons = no. of electrons in an element
true
true or false?
no. of protons = no. of electrons in an ion
false. no. of protons does not equal to the no. of electrons in an ion
what happens when a sodium atom loses an electron?
Na (2.8.1) to Na+ (2.8) (cation)
(it becomes positively charged because there are now more protons than electrons in the atom)
F- ions and Na+ ions are?
they are said to have fully filled valence shells, thus they are stable.
what is a duplet?
2 valence e-
(only for hydrogen and helium)
what must be included when drawing the electronic structure of an ion?
- bracket
- charge (add by how much if more than 1 electron is lost / gained)
what is a octet?
8 valence e-
(except for helium + hydrogen)
what do all elements want to be?
they want to be stable, thus they need to gain / lose electrons to have fully filled valence shells
which group of elements are already stable?
group 18
