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Sec 1 :D > Science Chapter 8 Part 1 > Flashcards

Science Chapter 8 Part 1 Flashcards

hehehehehehehhehe refer to notes too RAHHHHHHHHH

1
Q

what is matter?

A

a substance that takes up space (occupies a volume)

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2
Q

what is matter made up of?

A

particles called atoms

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3
Q

what is an atom?

A

the atom is the smallest unit of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

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4
Q

what is an atom made up of?

A

three atomic parts (same in all atoms and are within the atom)

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5
Q

what is a proton?

A

a proton is positively charged

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6
Q

what is an electron?

A

an electron is negatively charged

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7
Q

what is a neutron?

A

a neutron is a neutral particle and has no charge

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8
Q

what is the nucleus made up of?

A

protons and neutrons

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9
Q

what is the:
-symbol
-relative mass
-relative charge
for a proton?

A

-symbol: p
-relative mass: 1
-relative charge: +1

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10
Q

what is an electron shell?

A

electrons orbit around the nucleus in a path known as electron shell

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11
Q

what is the:
-symbol
-relative mass
-relative charge
of an electron?

A

-symbol: e
-relative mass: 1/1836
-relative charge: -1

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12
Q

what is the:
-symbol
-relative mass
-relative charge
of a neutron?

A

-symbol: n
-relative mass: 1
-relative charge: 0

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13
Q

what is the first way atoms can be represented with?

A

using a diagram (showing the sub-atomic particles) which must include a key / legend

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14
Q

what does the identity of atom depend on?

A

the number of protons

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15
Q

example of how the identity of an atom depends on the number of protons?

A

if an atom has 3 protons, it means that it is lithium.

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16
Q

what is the second way atoms can be represented with?

A

using a diagram showing the number of protos and neutrons in the middle

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17
Q

what is the fourth way atoms can be represented with?

A

using symbols

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18
Q

explanation for when atoms are represented using symbols?

A

Z
X
A

Z represents the nucleon (mass) number
A represents the proton (atomic) number (will always be smallest number)
X represents the symbol of the element

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19
Q

what is the third way atoms can be represented with?

A

using a diagram showing the identity of the element in the middle

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20
Q

what is the definition of nucleon number / mass number?

A

number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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21
Q

what is the definition of proton number / atomic number?

A

number of protons in an atom

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22
Q

how are electrons arranged in an atom?

A

in an atom, electrons are arranged in electron shells

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23
Q

how is the question form different when they ask to represent atoms with atomic symbol VS periodic table?

A

atomic symbol:
Z = nucleon no. / mass no.
X = symbol of element
A = proton no. / atomic no.

periodic table: (can check using periodic table during exams when unsure hehe)
Z = proton no. / atomic no.
X = symbol of element
A = relative atomic mass

24
Q

in an atom ___________

A

in an atom, the NUMBER of POSITIVELY CHARGED PROTONS = NUMBER of NEGATIVELY CHARGED ELECTRONS

25
Q

what is the charge of an atom?

A

an atom is electrically neutral (zero net charge / has no charge) as it has the same number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons

26
Q

what is an electron shell?

A

an electron shell is a region outside the nucleus where electrons can be found.

27
Q

True Or False?
An atom has several electron shells

A

True. An atom has several electron shells

28
Q

Is there a limit to the number of electrons each shell can take?

A

Yes

29
Q

For the 1st 20 elements:
what is the max. number of electrons for the 1st shell?

A

2

30
Q

For the 1st 20 elements:
what is the max. number of electrons for the 2nd shell?

A

8

31
Q

For the 1st 20 elements:
what is the max. number of electrons for the 2nd shell?

A

8

32
Q

what must a drawing of atomic structure include?

A

must have a key

33
Q

what is the electric configuration of magnesium if the proton (atomic) number is 12?

A

2.8.2

34
Q

what must a drawing of an atomic structure include?

A

a legend / key

35
Q

what is the outermost electron shell known as?

A

valence shell

36
Q

what are the electrons in the outermost shell known as?

A

valence electrons

37
Q

if the electric configuration of oxygen is 2.6, how many valence electrons does it have?

A

6

38
Q

what does the number of valence electron (s) reveal?

A

it reveals information on the group number of that particular atom. (2 valence electrons : group 2)
if the atom has 3 and more valence electrons, the group number will be the number of valence electrons + 10 (eg: 3 valence electrons + 10 = group 13)

39
Q

the atoms of elements in the same group = ?

A

the atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons

40
Q

the number of electron shells (which is the number of digits in an atom’s electric configuration) is the same as?

A

the number of electron shells is the same as the period number. (eg : oxygen electric configuration is 2.6, so 2 shells. oxygen is in group 2)
(eg: sodium electric configuration is 2.8.1, so 3 shells, 3 + 10 = group 13)

41
Q
A
41
Q
A
41
Q

what happens after an ion loses or gains 1 or more electrons?

A

the number of proton and electrons are not balanced, thus resulting in an overall change

42
Q

what is an anion?

A

negatively charged & a change in name (fluorine to fluoride)

43
Q

how does a fluorine atom become a flouride ion?

A

it gains 1 electron

43
Q

what is a cation?

A

positively charged & no change in name

44
Q

what happens when a fluorine atom gains an electron?

A

F (2.7) to F- (anion) (2.8)
F- is -ve charged ion (because now there are more electrons than protons in the atom, which is why F- when it gains an electron)

44
Q

how does a sodium atom turn into a sodium ion?

A

it loses an electron

44
Q

true or false?
no. of protons = no. of electrons in an element

A

true

45
Q

true or false?
no. of protons = no. of electrons in an ion

A

false. no. of protons does not equal to the no. of electrons in an ion

46
Q

what happens when a sodium atom loses an electron?

A

Na (2.8.1) to Na+ (2.8) (cation)
(it becomes positively charged because there are now more protons than electrons in the atom)

46
Q

F- ions and Na+ ions are?

A

they are said to have fully filled valence shells, thus they are stable.

46
Q

what is a duplet?

A

2 valence e-
(only for hydrogen and helium)

47
Q

what must be included when drawing the electronic structure of an ion?

A
  1. bracket
  2. charge (add by how much if more than 1 electron is lost / gained)
48
Q

what is a octet?

A

8 valence e-
(except for helium + hydrogen)

49
Q

what do all elements want to be?

A

they want to be stable, thus they need to gain / lose electrons to have fully filled valence shells

50
Q

which group of elements are already stable?

A

group 18

Sec 1 :D (22 decks)

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