Chapter 3 Geography S3 Flashcards
Pg 50-71 (NEEDED FOR EYE)
Where is water found?
Most commonly found in water
What are water stores?
Places where water can be contained in and can be categorised
How can water stores be categorised?
- freshwater
- saltwater stores
What water stores contain freshwater?
Glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater and soils
What do freshwater water stores contain?
Contain water with low amounts of salt that can be used readily
How many oceans are there in the world and what is the largest ocean?
- Largest: Pacific Ocean, which is surrounded by countries in Asia, Australia and the Americas.
Are oceans saltwater stores?
Yes
What is the definition of saltwater stores?
The ocean water has too much salt to be used directly
Are water stores evenly distributed on the Earth’s surface?
No
Is water able to move from one store to another? If yes, what is the movement called and give an example.
Yes. These movements are known as flows. (eg: glaciers melt and flow into rivers, which eventually flow into oceans)
What are the 2nd largest and 3rd largest oceans?
- Second largest: Atlantic Ocean
-separates countries in the Americas from Europe and Africa - Third largest: Indian Ocean
-surrounded by countries in Asia, Africa and Australia
What are oceans?
Large masses of water that are connected to one another
Where do the polar bears and penguins swim in?
Polar bears: swim in Arctic Ocean
Penguins: swim in Southern Ocean
What are glaciers?
Large masses of ice that res on land or float in the sea
where are glaciers found?
in places where it snows throughout the year so that enough snow accumulates and hardens into ice
why do glaciers move slowly?
they are very heavy
what are lakes?
water bodies surrounded by land.
what are the few ways lakes may receive water from?
rain, snow or rivers
what are rivers?
natural wide flows of freshwater across the land that store water temporarily before water flows into another water body
how does a river flow?
they flow from places of higher elevation to places of lower elevation as gravity pulls water downwards
what is a river source?
it marks the point where a river begins
what is a river mouth?
it marks the place where a river flows into another water body
an example of river source and river mouth?
Kallang River starts from Lower Peirce Reservoir and flows into the sea through Marina Channel.
River source: Lower Peirce Reservoir
River mouth: Marina Channel
what is soil?
the loose topmost layer of Earth’s surface where plants grow
what happens to soil when it rains?
when it rains, water passes through the soil through very small openings known as pores
What does soil have?
different names and contains different materials
What is water that is stored in the roil known as?
Soil moisture
where is groundwater found?
Found below the surface of the Earth
why does water enter the ground through pores in the soil?
due to gravity
how is groundwater formed?
when a part of the water that enters the ground through pores in the soil makes its way to the rocks beneath, filling up the pores and cracks of these rocks/
Examples of countries that use groundwater + uses?
China & India: grow crops
Indonesia & Thailand: household activities
what is a wate budget?
a water budget equation describes the flow of water in and out of a catchment area; tells us how much water is available in an area.
what is an output?
processes that decrease the amount of water in a catchment
what is an input?
processes that increase the amount of water in a catchment
excess water is known as?
water surplus
shortage of water is known as?
water deficit
what is the equation of the net change in storage?
input - output
when does water surplus occur?
input is more than output
when does water deficit occur?
input is less than output
what is the hydrological cycle?
a sequence of processes that occur to ensure that water is naturally replenished on the Earth.
(1) what is precipitation?
water falls as rain (or snow if the air is cold enough)
(2) what is infiltration?
water enters the ground or soil
(3) what is groundwater?
water that seeps into the ground may be absorbed by plants or stored as groundwater
(4) what is surface runoff?
water flows from the highlands and over the ground surface into streams and rivers
(6) what is condensation?
warm moist air cools as it rises. water vapour changes into water droplets. small droplets coming to form bigger droplets. Large amounts of water droplets gather to form clouds.
(5) what is evaporation?
the sun’s hear causes water to evaporate. water changes into water vapour
