Chapter 3 Geography S3

Question 1

Where is water found?

Answer 1

Most commonly found in water

Question 2

What are water stores?

Answer 2

Places where water can be contained in and can be categorised

Question 3

How can water stores be categorised?

Answer 3

1. freshwater
2. saltwater stores

Question 4

What water stores contain freshwater?

Answer 4

Glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater and soils

Question 5

What do freshwater water stores contain?

Answer 5

Contain water with low amounts of salt that can be used readily

Question 6

How many oceans are there in the world and what is the largest ocean?

Answer 6

5. Largest: Pacific Ocean, which is surrounded by countries in Asia, Australia and the Americas.

Question 6

Are oceans saltwater stores?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 6

What is the definition of saltwater stores?

Answer 6

The ocean water has too much salt to be used directly

Question 6

Are water stores evenly distributed on the Earth’s surface?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Is water able to move from one store to another? If yes, what is the movement called and give an example.

Answer 7

Yes. These movements are known as flows. (eg: glaciers melt and flow into rivers, which eventually flow into oceans)

Question 7

What are the 2nd largest and 3rd largest oceans?

Answer 7

2. Second largest: Atlantic Ocean
   -separates countries in the Americas from Europe and Africa
3. Third largest: Indian Ocean
   -surrounded by countries in Asia, Africa and Australia

Question 8

What are oceans?

Answer 8

Large masses of water that are connected to one another

Question 9

Where do the polar bears and penguins swim in?

Answer 9

Polar bears: swim in Arctic Ocean
Penguins: swim in Southern Ocean

Question 9

What are glaciers?

Answer 9

Large masses of ice that res on land or float in the sea

Question 9

where are glaciers found?

Answer 9

in places where it snows throughout the year so that enough snow accumulates and hardens into ice

Question 10

why do glaciers move slowly?

Answer 10

they are very heavy

Question 11

what are lakes?

Answer 11

water bodies surrounded by land.

Question 12

what are the few ways lakes may receive water from?

Answer 12

rain, snow or rivers

Question 13

what are rivers?

Answer 13

natural wide flows of freshwater across the land that store water temporarily before water flows into another water body

Question 14

how does a river flow?

Answer 14

they flow from places of higher elevation to places of lower elevation as gravity pulls water downwards

Question 15

what is a river source?

Answer 15

it marks the point where a river begins

Question 16

what is a river mouth?

Answer 16

it marks the place where a river flows into another water body

Question 17

an example of river source and river mouth?

Answer 17

Kallang River starts from Lower Peirce Reservoir and flows into the sea through Marina Channel.
River source: Lower Peirce Reservoir
River mouth: Marina Channel

Question 18

what is soil?

Answer 18

the loose topmost layer of Earth’s surface where plants grow

Question 19

what happens to soil when it rains?

Answer 19

when it rains, water passes through the soil through very small openings known as pores

Question 19

What does soil have?

Answer 19

different names and contains different materials

Question 20

What is water that is stored in the roil known as?

Answer 20

Soil moisture

Question 21

where is groundwater found?

Answer 21

Found below the surface of the Earth

Question 22

why does water enter the ground through pores in the soil?

Answer 22

due to gravity

Question 23

how is groundwater formed?

Answer 23

when a part of the water that enters the ground through pores in the soil makes its way to the rocks beneath, filling up the pores and cracks of these rocks/

Question 24

Examples of countries that use groundwater + uses?

Answer 24

China & India: grow crops
Indonesia & Thailand: household activities

Question 25

what is a wate budget?

Answer 25

a water budget equation describes the flow of water in and out of a catchment area; tells us how much water is available in an area.

Question 26

what is an output?

Answer 26

processes that decrease the amount of water in a catchment

Question 26

what is an input?

Answer 26

processes that increase the amount of water in a catchment

Question 27

excess water is known as?

Answer 27

water surplus

Question 28

shortage of water is known as?

Answer 28

water deficit

Question 29

what is the equation of the net change in storage?

Answer 29

input - output

Question 30

when does water surplus occur?

Answer 30

input is more than output

Question 31

when does water deficit occur?

Answer 31

input is less than output

Question 32

what is the hydrological cycle?

Answer 32

a sequence of processes that occur to ensure that water is naturally replenished on the Earth.

Question 33

(1) what is precipitation?

Answer 33

water falls as rain (or snow if the air is cold enough)

Question 34

(2) what is infiltration?

Answer 34

water enters the ground or soil

Question 34

(3) what is groundwater?

Answer 34

water that seeps into the ground may be absorbed by plants or stored as groundwater

Question 34

(4) what is surface runoff?

Answer 34

water flows from the highlands and over the ground surface into streams and rivers

Question 34

(6) what is condensation?

Answer 34

warm moist air cools as it rises. water vapour changes into water droplets. small droplets coming to form bigger droplets. Large amounts of water droplets gather to form clouds.

Question 34

(5) what is evaporation?

Answer 34

the sun’s hear causes water to evaporate. water changes into water vapour