Geography S1 Chapter 4 (pg 76-83) Flashcards
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what are floods?
an overflow of a large amount of water onto what is normally dry land
what are the 2 common types of floods?
flash floods & river floods
what happens as a result of a drought?
water stores (reservoirs & groundwater) will start to dry up as there may not be enough water available to replenish the amount used for human activities / lost through evaporation or transpiration
how are flash floods called?
exceptionally heavy rainfall over a short period of time
where do flashfloods often occur?
in dry areas where there is not enough soil or vegetation to allow water to infiltrate the ground
what happens as a result after flashfloods?
most of the rainwater that falls onto the ground becomes surface runoff which quickly floods low-lying areas
how are river floods typically caused?
sustained heavy rainfall or meltwater produced when snow and ice start to melt in the spring
what happens during a river flood?
- the large amounts of rainwater and meltwater enter streams and tributaries, which then flow into rivers
- the water level in rivers rises rapidly and it eventually overflows the banks, flooding the surrounding areas.
what are droughts?
a long period of little or no rainfall in a specific areas
what does precipitation provide rivers with?
a regular supply of water to rivers so that organisms can live in them
does water support the river ecosystem?
yes
what is a river ecosystem?
community of plants and animals found in rivers that interact with one another
what is the order of a food chain in a river ecosystem? (1)
- aquatic plants known as phytoplankton. they obtain energy from sunlight through photosynthesis and releasing oxygen into the water
what is the order of a food chain in a river ecosystem? (2-5)
- zooplankton (small aquatic animals) feed on phytoplankton
- insects feed on zooplankton
- fish feed on insects
- humans feed on fish
what are the 4 purposes people use water for?
- domestic
- recreation
- agriculture
- industry
what does PUB hope to do regarding the average water consumption per person in singapore?
lower it to 130 L of water per day by 2030
what is the average amount off water each Singaporean consumed for domestic use in 2017?
143 L per day
what are the highest percentages of domestic water usage in Singapore?
bathing, cooking & flushing the toilet
what is domestic use of water?
using water for household activities
what does water enable people to carry out?
certain recreational activities (recreational use of water)
what are some water sports and what are the highly dependent on?
canoeing, sailing and sport fishing
highly dependent on water conditions and water quality
what does agriculture account for?
largest use of water worldwide
what is water used for relating to agricultural use?
grow crops & rear animals for human consumption
do different animal and plant products require different amounts of water?
yes
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for beef?
15414L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for mutton / goat meat?
8763L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for nuts?
9063L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for pork?
5988L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for chicken?
4325L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for eggs?
3265L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for butter?
5553L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for pulses (eg: chickpea)?
4055L of water
what is water used for in factories? (1)
-cool equipment and power plants as they generate a lot of heat when operated
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for cereals (eg: rice)?
1644L of water
what do many industries require to function?
water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for fruits?
962L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for oil crops (eg: soybean)?
2364L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for milk?
1020L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for starchy roots (eg: potato)?
387L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for vegetables?
322L of water
how many litres of water is used per kilogram produced for sugar crops (eg: sugar cane)?
197L of water
what is water used for in factories? (2)
-generate electricity when it passes through turbines installed in dams
what is water used for in factories? (3)
-as a cleaning agent in wafer fabrication
-process of creating components for the electrical circuitry found in computers / mobile phones
