Geography S1 Chapter 4 (pg 76-83) Flashcards
<<<<<:
what are floods?
an overflow of a large amount of water onto what is normally dry land
what are the 2 common types of floods?
flash floods & river floods
what happens as a result of a drought?
water stores (reservoirs & groundwater) will start to dry up as there may not be enough water available to replenish the amount used for human activities / lost through evaporation or transpiration
how are flash floods called?
exceptionally heavy rainfall over a short period of time
where do flashfloods often occur?
in dry areas where there is not enough soil or vegetation to allow water to infiltrate the ground
what happens as a result after flashfloods?
most of the rainwater that falls onto the ground becomes surface runoff which quickly floods low-lying areas
how are river floods typically caused?
sustained heavy rainfall or meltwater produced when snow and ice start to melt in the spring
what happens during a river flood?
- the large amounts of rainwater and meltwater enter streams and tributaries, which then flow into rivers
- the water level in rivers rises rapidly and it eventually overflows the banks, flooding the surrounding areas.
what are droughts?
a long period of little or no rainfall in a specific areas
what does precipitation provide rivers with?
a regular supply of water to rivers so that organisms can live in them
does water support the river ecosystem?
yes
what is a river ecosystem?
community of plants and animals found in rivers that interact with one another
what is the order of a food chain in a river ecosystem? (1)
- aquatic plants known as phytoplankton. they obtain energy from sunlight through photosynthesis and releasing oxygen into the water
what is the order of a food chain in a river ecosystem? (2-5)
- zooplankton (small aquatic animals) feed on phytoplankton
- insects feed on zooplankton
- fish feed on insects
- humans feed on fish
what are the 4 purposes people use water for?
- domestic
- recreation
- agriculture
- industry
what does PUB hope to do regarding the average water consumption per person in singapore?
lower it to 130 L of water per day by 2030
what is the average amount off water each Singaporean consumed for domestic use in 2017?
143 L per day
what are the highest percentages of domestic water usage in Singapore?
bathing, cooking & flushing the toilet
what is domestic use of water?
using water for household activities
