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Sec 1 :D > Science Cells Pt.1 (Sec1) > Flashcards

Science Cells Pt.1 (Sec1) Flashcards

Microscope + Protoplasm

1
Q

How much can a light microscope enlarge a cell specimen?

A

up to 2000x

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2
Q

How much can an electron microscope enlarge a cell specimen?

A

to about 500 000X

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the arm in the light microscope?

A

To lift the microscope

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the base in the light microscope?

A

To provide stability and support for the microscope

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the eyepiece (ocular) in the light microscope?

A

Contains lenses to increase magnification of specimen

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the body tube in the light microscope?

A

To hole the eyepiece and objective lens at a distance from each other

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the condenser in the light microscope?

A

Located below the stage, to collect and focus the light from the light source onto the specimen

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the nosepiece in the light microscope?

A

Holds 3-4 objective lenses of different magnification and can be turned to switch from a low to a high-powered objective lens

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the objectives (objective lenses) in the light microscope?

A

They are lenses of different magnification, secured into place on a revolving nosepiece. The low powered objective lens is the shortest (4X-10X) and the high powered objective lens is the longest (40-60X)

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the diaphragm in the light microscope?

A

Located below the stage, allows adjusment of amount of light passing through the specimen by turning the lever

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob in the light microscope?

A

A larger knob beside the body tube for focusing under low power. This knob can also be used to change the height of the stage.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the fine adjustment knob in the light microscope?

A

A smaller knob for focusing under high power.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the stage/stage clips in the light microscope?

A

Stage: Platform to hold slides in place
Stage clips: On the stage to secure the slides in position

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the light source in the light microscope?

A

Directs light through the opening in the stage to allow light to pass through the specimen

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10
Q

Step 1 to use the microscope

A
  1. Place the microscope on a bench, away from the edge before connecting ot the power source.
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11
Q

Step 2 to use the microscope

A
  1. Use the coarse adjustment knob to adjust the stage so that the objective lens will not be in contact with the stage when nosepiece is turned (may result in damage)
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11
Q

Step 5 to use the microscope

A
  1. Use the coarse adjustment knob to adjust the height of the stage until the object comes into focus
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11
Q

Step 3 to use the microscope

A
  1. Turn the nosepiece until the lowest power objective lense (4X) clicks into place
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11
Q

Step 4 to use the microscope

A
  1. Place the slide on the stage with the cover slip facing up. Secure with stage clips. Ensure that the specimen is in the middle of the opening of the stage and light can be seen passing through the specimen. Adjust the slide until the portion you wish to examine is in the centre of the field of view.
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11
Q

Step 6 to use the microscope

A
  1. Use the fine adjustment knob to make the image clearer and get the specimen to focus under high power
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12
Q

Step 7 to use the microscope

A
  1. Adjust the diaphragm to change the amount of light passing through the specimen to improve brightness of the image.
12
Q

What are cells? (1)

A

Cells are the smallest unit of a living organism and can only be seen with a microscope.

12
Q

Step 8 to use the microscope

A
  1. To use the higher power objective lens, adjust the stage to ensure that the lens does not come into contact with it. Turn the nosepiece to the required lens until the lens clicks into place.
13
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of living things
  3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
14
Q

What are cells (2)

A

Cells are alive and thousands of chemical reactions occur every second in a cell

15
Q

What is an epidermal cell?

A

Cells are grouped together to form the tissue. Epidermis forms the outermost layer of plants/animals.

15
Q

What is the function of the epidermis in plants?

A

Epidermis forms a single layer that is a boundary between the plant and external environment.

15
Q

What is the function of the epidermis in man?

A

The epidermis forms the outer layer of skin.

15
Q

RBC?

A

Function: Transports oxygen form lungs to all parts of the body
-Short life span
-Cannot reproduce

16
Q

What are the differences between oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood?

A
  1. Oxygenated blood is richer in oxygen and deoxygenated blood is richer in carbon dioxide
  2. Oxygenated blood is brighter red and deoxygenated blood is darker red.
17
Q

What is the function of a muscle cell?

A

It contracts and relaxes to bring about movement.

18
Q

What is a cell made up of?

A

Living matter called protoplasm

19
Q

What does protoplasm consist of?

A

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Cell Membrane

20
Q

What are organelles?

A

Structures found within the cell that has a specific function

21
Q

What are the parts of an animal cell?

A

Vacuole, cell surface membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondrion

22
Q

What is a cell surface membrane? (plants & animals)

A

Partially permeable and controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

22
Q

What are the parts of a plant cell?

A

Vacuole, cell surface membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, cellulose cell wall and chloroplast

22
Q

What is a nucleus? (plants & animals)

A

Contains DNA that can be passed down to the next generation, controls all cell activities (cell growth & the repair of worn out parts) and is needed for
cell reproduction

22
Q

What is mitochondrion? (plants & animals)
(plural: mitochondria)

A

Site of respiration to release energy from the breakdown of food for cellular activities

22
Q

What is a cytoplasm? (plants & animals)

A

Site of chemical reactions

23
Q

What is chloroplast? (plant)

A

Contains chlorophyll that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

23
Q

What is a vacuole? (animal)

A
  1. Small and numerous
  2. Fluid-filled space surrounded by a membrane
  3. Stores water, food substances or waste products
23
Q

What is a vauole? (plant)

A
  1. Large, central vacuole
  2. Contains cell sap
  3. Exerts pressure on cell wall and provides support to soft part of plant
24
Q

What is a cellulouse cell wall? (plant)

A
  1. Cellulose-carbohydrate
  2. Fully permeable
    Function: Protects cell form injury
24
Q

1st difference between animal cell and plant cell

A

PRESENCE OF CHLROPLAST
Animal cell: Absence
Plant cell: Present

25
Q

2nd difference between animal cell and plant cell

A

PRESENCE OF CELLULOSE CELL WALL
Animal cell: Absence
Plant cell: Presence

25
Q

3rd difference between animal cell and plant cell

A

NUMBER & SIZE OF VACULOES
Animal cell: Small & Numerous
Plant cell: OOne or a few large central vacuoles with cell sap

26
Q

How are organisms categorised?

A

Unicellular and Multicellular

26
Q

Examples of unicellular organism?

A

Yeast/Amoeba/Some Bacteria

26
Q

Unicellular Organism

A

Entire body is only made of one cell

26
Q

An example of multicellular organism?

A

Humans

26
Q

Multicellular Organism

A

Made up of more than one cell

Sec 1 :D (22 decks)

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