Chapter 2 S1 Physical Properties Of Matter Flashcards
(REFER TO NOTES FOR MEASURING INSTRUMENTS & MENISCUS)
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and volume
What is mass?
Mass is the amount of matter something has
The larger the mass?
The more matter an object has
What is volume?
Volume is the amount of space something occupies
There are 7 properties
What are the properties of ceramic?
- Made of clay
- Poor conductor of electricity
- Hard
- Can be moulded into shapes
- Does not corrode
- Has a high melting point
- Brittle
What are the 5 main groups of materials?
Ceramic, Metal, Glass, Fibres and Plastic
There are 7 properties
What are the properties of glass?
- Transparent
- Poor conductor of electricity
- Poor conductor of heat
- Can be moulded into shapes
- Has a high melting point
- Brittle
- Hard
There are 5 properties
What are the properties of metal?
- Shiny
- Good conductor of electricity
- Good conductor of heat
- Malleable
- Ductile
There are 6 properties
What are the properties of plastic?
- Low density
- Does not corrode
- Can be moulded into shapes
- Has a low melting point
- Poor conductor of heat
- Poor conductor of electricity
There are 4 properties
What are the properties of fibres?
- Can be spun into threads and woven into fabrics
- Able to absorb dyes
- Poor conductors of electricity
- Poor conductors of heat
What is the description of physical properties?
Physical properties of a material are qualities that can be observed and measured without changing its composition
Definition of strength
Ability to support a heavy load without breaking or tearing
Definition of hardness
Ability to scratch another material
Definition of flexibility
Ability to bend without breaking and return to its original shape
Definition of heat (thermal conductivity)
Measure of how easily heat passes through it
Definition of electrical conductivity
Measure of how easily electricity passes through it
Definition of melting point
Temperature at which the material changes state from a solid to liquid
Definition of boiling point
Temperature at which the material changes state from a liquid to gas
Definition of density
Mass of substance per unit volume (mass over volume)
Definition of physical quantity
A quantity that can be measured
What is the SI unit of mass?
kilogram (kg)
What is the unit of length?
metre (m)
What is the SI unit of time?
second (s)
What is the SI unit of volume?
cubic metre (m3)
What is the SI unit of temperature?
kelvin (K)
What is a prefix?
A prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or a fraction of the unit
What is the symbol and multiplier for the prefix “kilo”?
k, 1000
What is the symbol and multiplier for the prefix “centi”
c, 0.01
What is the symbol and multiplier for the prefix “milli”
m, 0.001
What is length?
Length is a physical quantity needed for us to calculate area and volume
what must we do when using a metre rule?
place our eyes vertically above / perpendicular to the marking on the metre rule to obtain a correct reading.
wrong eye position leads to a parallax error, giving rise to an inaccurate reading
what is a measuring tape used to measure?
longer lengths and lengths of curved surfaces
what is the smallest division of the measuring tape and what is it accurate to?
smallest division: 1mm
accurate to: 1 mm (0.01cm)
what is the digital vernier calipers used for?
measuring internal and external lengths of small objects very accurately
what is the smallest measurement of digital vernier caliper?
0.1mm (0.01cm)
what is mass?
mass is the amount of matter an object has
what instrument is used to measure mass?
electronic balance
what is volume?
volume is the amount of space a substance occupies?
how much is 1m cube in centimetres?
1 000 000 cm cube
what instrument is used to measure volume of a liquid
measuring cyclinder
volume of liquids can be measured in?
litres / millilitres / cubic centimetres
what is the curved shape of the liquid surface called?
meniscus
what must we do when reading meniscus?
our eyes must be at the same level as the bottom / top of the meniscus (depending on the liquid in the measurong cyclinder) to avoid parallax errors
when writing down measurement of volume of liquid when using meniscus, how many decimal points must it be up to?
2 D.P.
what instrument is used to measure the volume of small irregular solids?
measuring cyclinder
what are the steps to carry out when measuring the volume of a small irregular solid?
- record the initial height of water
- lower solid into measuring cyclinder
- record final height of water
volume of water displaced = volume of solid
what instruments are used to measure the volume of a large irregular solid?
displacement can & measuring cyclinder
how do we measure the volume of a large irregular solid?
when an object is lowerred into the can, the water it displaces flows out of the can and into a measuring cyclinder. the volume of water obtained in the measuring cyclinder is the volume of the object.
what is density?
density is the quantity of matter packed into a unit volume?
what is the formula for calculating density?
mass over volume
how many significant figures (with units) must the calculated result of density be to?
2 to 3
what happens to the object when it is placed in a fluid of lower density?
it sinks
what happens to the object when it is placed in a fluid of higher density?
it floats
