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College Courses > Science Practicum 1 > Flashcards

Science Practicum 1 Flashcards

Review for the Practicum 1 assessment on Wednesday, October 9

1
Q

Scientific method steps

A
  1. Observation
  2. Pose a question/state a problem
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experiment
  5. Results
  6. Conclusion
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2
Q

observation typically leads to…

A

questions

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3
Q

a critical part of observation is…

A

researching what other scientists have learned about the topic

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4
Q

a hypothesis is…

A

a tentative answer to a scientific question

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5
Q

a hypothesis is tested through…

A

experiments

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6
Q

what is controlled experiment

A

an experiment where all other variables are gone except for what is stated in the hypothesis and the control

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7
Q

what is a control…

A

sample/event in the test that is not exposed to the testing procedure

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8
Q

what is a scientific theory

A

encompassing conclusion based on many other similar individual conclusions

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9
Q

Equation for determining speed of a pillbug…

A

centimeters traveled divided by seconds timed (to get average, add the speed and divide by the amount of numbers)

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10
Q

why is it important for scientists to come to conclusions after many trials?

A

because it helps build credibility and repeatability

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11
Q

what kind of animal is a pillbug?

A

Crustacean

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12
Q

what is the pill bug’s skeleton called

A

exoskeleton

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13
Q

structure for gas exchange in the pill bug

A

gills

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14
Q

how many times does the pill bug shed its exoskeleton in its life?

A

4-5 times during its life

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15
Q

parts of the pillbug (alphabetical order) (7 total)

A

abdomen, antennae, eyes, head, legs, thorax, uropods,

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16
Q

how many legs does the pill bug have?

A

seven

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17
Q

what colors could the exoskeleton on the pillbug be

A

gray to brown

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18
Q

the first part of the pillbug’s head that is fused to the thorax is the

A

cephalothorax

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19
Q

the 7 additional parts of the thorax are also called the

A

pereon

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20
Q

what is the acronym for metric conversion (King…)

A

King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

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21
Q

what does the B in “died BY drinking chocolate milk” stand for?

A

Base unit (grams, liters, meters)

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22
Q

what does the K in “KING Henry” stand for?

A

kilo

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23
Q

what does the H in “king HENRY” stand for?

A

hecto

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24
Q

what does the d in “King Henry DIED” stand for?

A

deca

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25
Q

what does the d in “Henry died DRINKING” stand for?

A

deci

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26
Q

what does the C in “CHOCOLATE milk” stand for?

A

centi

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27
Q

what does the m in “chocolate MILK” stand for?

A

mili

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28
Q

what is the base unit for length?

A

meter

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29
Q

what other two conversions come after millimeter?

A

milli ___ ___ micrometer ___ ___ nanometer

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30
Q

what is the base unit for weight?

A

grams

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31
Q

which unit is typically used for larger weights?

A

kilograms

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32
Q

what is the base unit for volume?

A

liters

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33
Q

what temp does water boil at (celsius and fahrenheit)

A

100 degree celsius and 212 degree fahrenheit

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34
Q

what temp does water freeze at (celsius and fahrenheit)

A

0 degrees celsius and 32 degrees fahrenheit

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35
Q

what is the equation for celsius

A

(F-32)/1/8

36
Q

what is the equation for fahrenheit

37
Q

describe a compound light microscope

A

uses light to magnify objects

38
Q

stereomicroscope (aka dissecting microscope) function

A

examine whole objects at low magnification

39
Q

compound light microscope function

A

examine smaller slices of objects under higher magnification

40
Q

transmission electron microscope function

A

similar to the compound microscope: just a little bit of improved contrast

41
Q

scanning electron microscope function

A

image of the surface and dimensions

42
Q

explain the function: binocular head

A

hold two eyepiece lenses

43
Q

explain the function: eyepiece lenses

A

look through to view item, can be magnified to 10x

44
Q

explain the function: focusing knob

A

knob on the side of the microscope, used to change focus of the eyepieces together

45
Q

explain the function: magnification changing knob

A

on top of the microscope or on the binocular head used to change magnification in both eyepieces simultaneously

46
Q

explain the function: illuminator

A

used to illuminate an object from above

47
Q

explain the function: zoom mechanism

A

stays in focus while changing magnification for continuous viweing

48
Q

explain the function: rotating lens mechanism

A

blocks view of object while magnification is changing

49
Q

explain the function: viewing head

A

holds ocular lenses

50
Q

explain the function: scanning objective (compound light microscope)

A

shortest of the objectives and scans the WHOLE slide (red banded)

51
Q

magnifying power of the scanning objective

52
Q

explain the function: low-power objective

A

used to view in greater detail, step up from scanning objective (yellow banded)

53
Q

magnifying power of the low-power objective

54
Q

explain the function: power objective

A

the longest lens and a step up from the low-power objective (blue banded)

55
Q

magnifying power of the power objective

56
Q

explain the function: oil immersion objective

A

view objects with the greatest magnification

57
Q

explain the function: stage

A

platform that hold and supports microscope slides

58
Q

explain the function: coarse adjustment knob

A

knob used to bring objects into approx focus (only used with low-power objective)

59
Q

explain the function: fine adjustment knob

A

knob used to bring objects into final focus

60
Q

explain the function: condenser (compound light microscope)

A

lens system used to focus the beam of light on the object being viewed

61
Q

total magnification equation

A

multiply the magnification of the eyepieces (10x) by the magnification of the objective lenses (either 4, 10, 40, or 100)

62
Q

field of view refers to…

A

what is shown within the circle when looking through the microscope

63
Q

diameter of view refers to…

A

the length of the field from one end to the other

64
Q

High power depth of field equation

A

HPD=LPDxLPM over HPM

65
Q

LPD in the depth of field equation stands for…

A

Low power diameter of field

66
Q

LPM in the depth of field equation stands for…

A

Low power magnification (100)

67
Q

HPM in the depth of field equation stands for…

A

High power magnification (400)

68
Q

osmosis is…

A

the movement of water across the plasma membrane

69
Q

prokaryotic cells lacks a…

70
Q

prokaryotic classification only includes 2 organisms:

A

bacteria and archaea (kind of single celled organism, basically bacteria)

71
Q

eukaryotic cells have a…

72
Q

inversion refers to the fact that:

A

the image on the microscope is upside down and reversed

73
Q

parfocal refers to the fact that:

A

a microscope will stay in focus when the objective lenses are changed

74
Q

diffusion is the…

A

movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration, until equilibrium is achieved

75
Q

osmosis is the…

A

diffusion of water across a permeable membrane from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration

76
Q

tonicity refers to:

A

concentration of solutes (particles) and solvent (water) compared between the outside of the cell and the inside of the cell

77
Q

Isotonic means:

A

same concentration in two solutions (neutral)

78
Q

Hypertonic means:

A

higher solute concentration in solution (particles)

79
Q

Hypotonic means:

A

lower solute concentration in solution (particles)

80
Q

what is the movement of the water in an isotonic solution

A

no movement

81
Q

what is the movement of the water in a hypertonic solution?

A

water moves OUT of the cell into the solution

82
Q

what is the movement of the water in a hypotonic solution?

A

water moves from the solution INTO the cell

83
Q

Crenation is the process of where the cells exposed to too much salt (NaCl) do what…
(cells exposed to a hypertonic solution)

A

shrivel up

84
Q

Hemolysis is the process of where the cells exposed to too much salt do what… (cells exposed to a hypotonic solution)

A

swell and burst

85
Q

a microscope’s eyepiece is at 10x and the objective lens is at 40x, what is the total magnification?

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