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College Courses > Science Final Exam > Flashcards

Science Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Transcription

A

DNA makes single stranded complementary RNA copies of itself

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2
Q

Where does transcription happen?

A

nucleus

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3
Q

Translation

A

protein synthesis- RNA carries genetic information

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4
Q

Function of translation?

A

used to assemble proteins and amino acids

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5
Q

where do translations happen?

A

ribosomes

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6
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

contributes to our understanding of genetics. Austrian monk, wanted to know why things look the way they do (inspired by pea plants)

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7
Q

gene

A

a segment of DNA that controls a specific trait

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8
Q

allele

A

the possible alternative form of the gene

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9
Q

locus point

A

location of the gene on the chromosome

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10
Q

blending hypothesis

A

idea that some offspring have traits that are blended from both parents (white and red flowers make pink)

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11
Q

genotype

A

refers to the alleles (letters)

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12
Q

phenotype

A

what the organism will look like physically

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13
Q

incomplete dominance

A

happens when both parents have a capital genotype (dominant) and so when mixed, they blend together (white and red flower makes pink).

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14
Q

multiple allelic trait

A

trait is controlled by multiple alleles, so it exists in multiple allelic forms (example blood type AB)

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15
Q

polygenic inheritance

A

one trait is governed by multiple genes (which happens when a gene is governed by 2 or more alleles, examples include hair and eye color, height or weight)

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16
Q

how could environment play a part in a phenotype of an organism?

A

what temperature the individual is exposed to, exposure to sunlight, etc

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17
Q

principle of dominance

A

if there are two differing alleles, the dominant allele will show through in the phenotype

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18
Q

principle of segregation

A

two alleles separate when gametes are formed (RR separates into R and R when the gamete forms)

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19
Q

principle of individual assortment

A

law explaining how genes separate independently of one another when reproductive cells develop

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20
Q

interspecific competition

A

when species compete for the same resources

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21
Q

mutualism

A

relationship where both species benefit from each other

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22
Q

commensalism

A

relationship where one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

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23
Q

a biome with a mild, warm, temperate climate. Animals include zebras, gizelle, and giraffe. Trees are fairly sparce and spread out.

A

Savanna

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24
Q

located between polar and non-polar environments. Temperate environment, with changing seasons. Animals include coyote, deer, otters, red fox, and bobcats

A

temperate deciduous forest

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25
Q

also known as prairies, flat and open, not rainy enough for forests. Animals include bison, prairie dogs and antelope

A

grasslands

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26
Q

part of Alaska and Canada, cold, minimal sunlight, animals include reindeer, and polar bear

A

tundra

27
Q

most abundant ecosystem bc of all the water covering the earth

A

aquatics

28
Q

4 factors that determine aquatic biomes

A
  1. the amount of energy input (sunlight penetration)
  2. temperature
  3. nature of the bottom (substrate)
  4. dissolved materials
29
Q

where a tide meets a stream

A

estuaries

30
Q

permafrost

A

ground that remains completely frozen

31
Q

arboreal

A

refers to trees (an arboreal animal would live in trees)

32
Q

nocturnal

A

active at night (fox, racoon, porcupines, coyote)

33
Q

fossorial

A

a burrowing animal (prairie dog, vole/mole, groundhog)

34
Q

leaching

A

a process where nutrients are washed away by heavy rainfall or flooding into other bodies of water

35
Q

information ___________ is not always __________ (what did we learn from Mendel)

A

inherited, expressed

36
Q

During meiosis chromosomes assort _________ and by ___________ (what did we learn from Mendel)

A

separately, chance

37
Q

levels of organization of the human body (a,m,c,t,o,os)

A

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organs, organ system

38
Q

integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails, and membranes (body covering)

39
Q

skeletal system

A

bones

40
Q

muscular system

A

movement, muscle control and strength

41
Q

nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves which send messages and communicates pain and feeling

42
Q

endocrine system

A

makes hormones (which is a chemical messanger)

43
Q

cardiovascular system

A

heart and tubes that carry the blood (arteries and veins)

44
Q

lymphatic system

A

cleans out and discards dead cells, gathers liquidy parts of the blood and sends it back into the body so it doesn’t leak

45
Q

respiratory system

A

lungs- brings in oxygen and gets rid of co2

46
Q

digestive system

A

digestion-breaks down and absorbs nutrients

47
Q

urinary system

A

excrete waste, get rid of urea acid and nitrogen waste

48
Q

reproductive system

A

fertilization and gamete production/procreation. Only system that is different in the sexes

49
Q

scientific method steps

A

observation, pose a question, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion

50
Q

science definition

A

investigating the universe, organizing the knowledge into logical structures

51
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative explanation, consistent with facts, can be proved false

52
Q

theory

A

a hypothesis supported by a large body of observations and experiments

53
Q

characteristic of life: made of _____

A

cells

54
Q

characteristic of life: capable of ______ and ________

A

growth and development

55
Q

characteristic of life: includes all the changes that take place during the life of an organism

A

development

56
Q

characteristic of life: acquire ________ and _______

A

materials and energy

57
Q

characteristic of life: body is able to ________

A

move/movement

58
Q

characteristic of life: respond to _______

A

stimuli

59
Q

characteristic of life: new life comes from the organism

A

can reproduce

60
Q

prokaryotic cells are anatomically ________

A

simple

61
Q

prokaryote cells include

A

bacteria only

62
Q

procaryotic cells lack a _______

A

nucleus and membrane bound organelles

63
Q

what is included in a eukaryotic cell

A

everything aside from bacteria

64
Q

classification of organisms

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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