Science Exam 1 Flashcards
science definition
process (on-going)of investigating the world and organizing that knowledge into logical structures
science is something you _____
do
scientific method
observation, state a problem, hypothesis, experiment, results, draw conclusion
physics was an idea put out by who
Ernest Rutherford
physics is considered the _________ idea of science
fundamental
a referent is
something agreed upon, common, used for comparison purposes
measurement is
a process to compare a property to a well-defined and agreed upon referent
what are the the two measurement systems
metric and English
why was the English system not very accepted?
It was not easily agreed upon because it used the body as a measuring tool and the body is not consistent. One person might have measured something using 3 of their feet yet another used 5 of their feet to measure the same object.
data is
measurement information used for description
ratio is
a relationship between two numbers
density is the ratio of _______ to ________
mass to volume
matter is anything that
takes up space and has mass
who came up with the ideas behind motion which in turn led him to advocate for the existence of God
St. Thomas Aquinas
measuring motion is related to two factors which are…
changes in position and changes in time
3 important combinations of length and time are
speed, velocity, acceleration
speed is defined as
a change in position with respect to time
most common measurement for speed is called
average speed
time interval approaches 0 speed is called (also known as the speed something was going at a moment in time)
instantaneous speed
equation for ______ can also be written as v=d/t
speed
scalars
measurement with magnitude (number and unit) only (this is it might have speed but not distance yet. It is just the speed minus the distance)
velocity
describes speed and direction (how fast is it going and where is it going?)
vector
length=magnitude; arrows=directions
——>
————>
Is this a vector?
No because it is not the same lenth. They are both scalars.
a resultant comes from 2 or more ________
vectors
——>————>
4m/s 3m/s= 7m/s
What is this an example of
a resultant
4m/s
<———–
———>
3m/s
How would this be solved?
4m/s - 3m/s = 1m/s
displacement
length of straight line between points, a resultant (has magnitude and direction) (think about a right triangle and the hypotenuse is what displacement refers to)
acceleration
rate at which motion changes, (speed can change, direction can change, both speed and direction can change)
why do things move?
force
who was Aristotle
came up with ideas related to force
a natural force is
what naturally happens to an object (the falling of a rock)
an applied force is
what we do to the object (the throwing of the rock)
some of Aristotle’s ideas included
heavy objects fall faster than light, objects falling horizontally require continuously applied force. He only relied on thinking, not facts
Galileo and Newton’s contributions to force
all objects fall at the same rate, no force required for uniform horizontal motion, reasoning based on measurements
inertia
tendency of an object to remain in unchanging motion or at rest in the absence of an unbalanced force
Force
a push or pull capable of changing an object’s state of motion
type of flight t_____
thrust
thrust (flight)
force that propels an airplane thru the air or before takeoff
type of flight d____
drag
drag (flight)
a mechanical force (air resistance that can help the airplane slow down)
type of flight w_____
weight
weight (flight)
force produced on an airplane by the Earth’s gravitational pull (helps pull the plane toward the ground so it doesn’t fly away high in the sky)
type of flight l____
lift
lift (flight)
force that keeps the airplane in the air by directly opposing its weight
Bernoulli’s principle
an increase in the velocity of a stream of fluid results in a decrease in pressure
4 fundamental forces
gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear
law for falling bodies
all falling bodies experience a constant acceleration
velocity increases at a _______ rate
constant
what does SI units stand for
system international
acronym for metric conversions
King Henry Died by Drinking Chocolate Milk
what is falling bodies
all bodies in free fall (without air resistance) experiences a constant acceleration
what does “g” stand for
gravity (also used as the acceleration downward of a problem)
compound motion
two forces act on the same object
law of compound motion/independent vectors
horizontal and vertical motions are independent of each other
