Science Exam 1 Flashcards
Science definition (investigating what and organizing what?)
a systematic process of investigating the universe, and organizing the knowledge gained into a logical structure
The authority in science is…
observation
Science is a human activity meaning
it is flawed
Science cannot answer all of the questions about life meaning it is…
limited
Scientific method steps
Observation, state a problem/pose a question, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion.
Information discovered should lead to…
a conclusion/point made
“He has made _____ ______ in its _____…”
everything, beautiful, time
Ecclesiastes 3:11
He has made everything beautiful in its time. He has also set eternity in the human heart; yet no one can fathom what God has done from beginning to end.
“Yet no one can ____ what ____ has ____ from _____ to _____”
fathom, God, done, beginning, end
“He has also set ___ in the _____ _____”
eternity, human, heart
Define hypothesis
a tentative explanation, consistent with facts, capable of being tested, can be proved false
Define a theory
a hypothesis supported by a large body of observations and experimental results
Principle/law
a theory that has held true to prediction over a long period of time and is universally accepted (judged to be of great importance)
Atom
Smallest unit of an element
Element
Something that has matter and takes up space. Cannot be separated into smaller substances thru chemical means
Protons and neutrons are found in…
the nucleus
a proton has a ___ charge (positive, negative or neutral)
positive
a proton has atomic mass (a.m.u.) number of ____
1
where is a proton located?
in the atom (nucleus)
a neutron has a ___ charge
neutral
a neutron has atomic mass number of ___
1
where is a neutron located?
nucleus
an electron has a ___ charge
negative
an electron has atomic mass number of ___
0
where is an electron located?
outside the nucleus (shells/orbitals)
atomic number refers to…
number of protons in the element
radioisotope
heavy isotopes that decompose
mass number refers to…
sum of protons and electrons
atomic notation is how ____ are identified
elements
molecule
2 or more atoms bonded together
what is an isotope
atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
ions
atoms that differ in their electrical charge
exchange reaction
AB+C=AC+B (combination of decomposition and synthesis)
compound
2 or more different atoms bonded together in a fixed ratio
synthesis reaction
A+B=AB (absorbs energy such as proteins)
decomposition reaction
AB=A+B (bonds are broken and energy is released example: digestion)
octet rule
first shell of the atom holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8, third shell holds 8 in an electron
covalent bonds
the physical sharing of electrons (not necessarily equally sharing)
polar
electrons are unequally shared
ionic bond
when an atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes charged and opposite charges attract one another
electronegativity
measurement of attraction that an atom has to another bonding electron (example how easily it can pull an electron from another)
reduction
gains an electron
hydrogen bond
a bridge formed between polar molecules with hydrogen atoms (amino acids, DNA)
oxidation
loses an electron
Bohr model is a model of…
a hydrogen atom
Bohr model’s three rules
allowed orbitals, radiationless orbits, quantum leaps
non-polar
equal sharing of electrons (will dissolve as an example)
Bohr’s model says…
electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy levels
Orbits further away from the nucleus exist at ______ energy levels (according to Bohr’s model)
higher
the equation for number of neutrons is …
mass number - atomic number (top number minus bottom number)
number of protons is determined by the…
atomic number (bottom number)
the number of electrons in an element is always ____ to the number of protons
equal
to determine mass number, add the number of _____ and ______ together
protons and neutrons
