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semester 2 > Science Exam 1 > Flashcards

Science Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Science definition (investigating what and organizing what?)

A

a systematic process of investigating the universe, and organizing the knowledge gained into a logical structure

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2
Q

The authority in science is…

A

observation

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2
Q

Science is a human activity meaning

A

it is flawed

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2
Q

Science cannot answer all of the questions about life meaning it is…

A

limited

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3
Q

Scientific method steps

A

Observation, state a problem/pose a question, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion.

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3
Q

Information discovered should lead to…

A

a conclusion/point made

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4
Q

“He has made _____ ______ in its _____…”

A

everything, beautiful, time

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4
Q

Ecclesiastes 3:11

A

He has made everything beautiful in its time. He has also set eternity in the human heart; yet no one can fathom what God has done from beginning to end.

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4
Q

“Yet no one can ____ what ____ has ____ from _____ to _____”

A

fathom, God, done, beginning, end

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5
Q

“He has also set ___ in the _____ _____”

A

eternity, human, heart

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6
Q

Define hypothesis

A

a tentative explanation, consistent with facts, capable of being tested, can be proved false

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7
Q

Define a theory

A

a hypothesis supported by a large body of observations and experimental results

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7
Q

Principle/law

A

a theory that has held true to prediction over a long period of time and is universally accepted (judged to be of great importance)

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8
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element

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8
Q

Element

A

Something that has matter and takes up space. Cannot be separated into smaller substances thru chemical means

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9
Q

Protons and neutrons are found in…

A

the nucleus

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9
Q

a proton has a ___ charge (positive, negative or neutral)

A

positive

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10
Q

a proton has atomic mass (a.m.u.) number of ____

A

1

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10
Q

where is a proton located?

A

in the atom (nucleus)

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11
Q

a neutron has a ___ charge

A

neutral

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12
Q

a neutron has atomic mass number of ___

A

1

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12
Q

where is a neutron located?

A

nucleus

13
Q

an electron has a ___ charge

A

negative

14
Q

an electron has atomic mass number of ___

A

0

15
Q

where is an electron located?

A

outside the nucleus (shells/orbitals)

15
Q

atomic number refers to…

A

number of protons in the element

16
Q

radioisotope

A

heavy isotopes that decompose

17
Q

mass number refers to…

A

sum of protons and electrons

18
Q

atomic notation is how ____ are identified

A

elements

19
Q

molecule

A

2 or more atoms bonded together

19
Q

what is an isotope

A

atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

20
Q

ions

A

atoms that differ in their electrical charge

20
Q

exchange reaction

A

AB+C=AC+B (combination of decomposition and synthesis)

20
Q

compound

A

2 or more different atoms bonded together in a fixed ratio

21
Q

synthesis reaction

A

A+B=AB (absorbs energy such as proteins)

22
Q

decomposition reaction

A

AB=A+B (bonds are broken and energy is released example: digestion)

23
Q

octet rule

A

first shell of the atom holds 2 electrons, second shell holds 8, third shell holds 8 in an electron

24
Q

covalent bonds

A

the physical sharing of electrons (not necessarily equally sharing)

24
Q

polar

A

electrons are unequally shared

25
Q

ionic bond

A

when an atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes charged and opposite charges attract one another

25
Q

electronegativity

A

measurement of attraction that an atom has to another bonding electron (example how easily it can pull an electron from another)

26
Q

reduction

A

gains an electron

26
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a bridge formed between polar molecules with hydrogen atoms (amino acids, DNA)

26
Q

oxidation

A

loses an electron

27
Q

Bohr model is a model of…

A

a hydrogen atom

28
Q

Bohr model’s three rules

A

allowed orbitals, radiationless orbits, quantum leaps

29
Q

non-polar

A

equal sharing of electrons (will dissolve as an example)

30
Q

Bohr’s model says…

A

electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy levels

31
Q

Orbits further away from the nucleus exist at ______ energy levels (according to Bohr’s model)

A

higher

32
Q

the equation for number of neutrons is …

A

mass number - atomic number (top number minus bottom number)

33
Q

number of protons is determined by the…

A

atomic number (bottom number)

34
Q

the number of electrons in an element is always ____ to the number of protons

A

equal

35
Q

to determine mass number, add the number of _____ and ______ together

A

protons and neutrons

semester 2 (6 decks)

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