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Science Final Flashcards

1
Q

definition of matter

A

the stuff that makes up both living and nonliving things

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2
Q

definition of mass

A

something with no definite shape

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3
Q

definition of volume

A

anything that takes up space

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4
Q

definiton of weight

A

gravatational pull on mass

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5
Q

definition of density

A

the amount of mass in a specific obeject

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6
Q

what is the formula for density

A

d=m/v

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7
Q

what is the formula for volume

A

l⋅w⋅h

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8
Q

what are the 4 phases of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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9
Q

what is molecular activity

A

the movement/action of a molecule

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10
Q

what is molecular distance

A

the distance between molecules

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11
Q

what is molecular attraction

A

attraction between molecules

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12
Q

how does molecular distance effect molecular activity and attraction

A

the farther molecules are from each other, they will move faster and attraction will be higher

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13
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

energy that an object already has

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14
Q

what is potential energy

A

energy that an object will eventally have energy (ex. wood + fire)

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15
Q

what happens to kinetic energy during a state change

A

it stays the same but potential energy changes

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16
Q

what is gravity

A

a force of attraction

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17
Q

what are the 6 processes that allow matter to change state

A

melting, freezing, sublimation, depostition, condensation, vaporization

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18
Q

what is vaporization

A

liquid or solid into a gas

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19
Q

what is evaporation

A

liquid into a gas

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20
Q

what is boiling

A

when a liquid is heated to its boiling point

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21
Q

how to find volume through displacement

A

water with object - water without

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22
Q

why do liquids flow

A

because the space between molecules is large, and molecular attraction is small.

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23
Q

why do gases change their shape and volume

A

because there is a lot of space between molecules

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24
Q

what happens to molecular activity when you add heat

A

molecules move faster

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25
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

a loss or gain of electrons

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26
Q

what is a covelent bond

A

the sharing of electrons

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27
Q

which element controls a bond

A

the nonmetal

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28
Q

what is atomic radius

A

the distance from the nucleus to the valence shell

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29
Q

how to name an ionic compound

A

metal or nonmetal

30
Q

how do you name a metal

A

gain ions, loose electrons, groups 1,2,3, more than 4 valence electrons

31
Q

how do you name a nonmetal

A

looses ions, gains electrons, groups 5,6,7, less than 4 valence electrons

32
Q

when does and ionic bond form

A

when electrons are lost or gained

33
Q

when does an covelant bond form

A

when electrons are shared

34
Q

what is the charge on a nucleus

A

positive

35
Q

what is the charge on energy shells

A

negative

36
Q

why do electrons stay on the energy shell

A

because of the attractive force

37
Q

how does atomic radius affect bonding

A

the more atoms, the more shells which creates a wider distance between the valence shell and nucleus

38
Q

why do ions form in ionic bonds

A

because of the opposite charges on the ions

39
Q

what are the diatomic molcules

A

flourine, bromine, chlorine, iodine, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,

40
Q

what are the 4 reactions

A

synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement

41
Q

what is the formula for synthesis

A

A + B -> AB

42
Q

what is the formula for decompostion

A

AB -> A + B

43
Q

what is the formula for single replacement

A

AB + C -> AC + B

44
Q

what is the formula for double replacement

A

AB + CD -> AD + CB

45
Q

what is endothermic

A

spontaneous, energy of products is greater than energy of reactants

46
Q

what is exothermic

A

nonspontaneous, energy of products is less than energy of reactants

47
Q

how do you calculate heat of reaction

A

heat of reaction = product + reactant

48
Q

how to calculate energy of the activated complex

A

activated complex - reactant

49
Q

what are 4 factors that affect rate of reaction

A

reactant concentration, surface area, temperature, catalysts

50
Q

how does an inhibitor affect a reaction

A

increases activation energy, takes more energy to take place

51
Q

how does a catalyst affect a reaction

A

speeds up a reaction, gives more energy to system, lowers activation energy

52
Q

what is the importance of activated complex

A

it changes a reactant to a product

53
Q

what does a posting heat of reaction mean

A

joules are taken in from the environment

54
Q

what is polarity

A

uneven charge distribution on a covalent

55
Q

why is water polar

A

because it is asymmetrical

56
Q

what does nonpolar mean

A

even charge distribution, symmetric, atoms are the same

57
Q

what is an element

A

a pure substance that homogeneous throughout only one kind of matter present

58
Q

what is a compound

A

two or more atoms bonded together in a fixed ratio

59
Q

what is a mixture

A

physical, no bonds breaking

60
Q

what are the different types of solutions

A

suspensions, colloids

61
Q

what is a solute

A

what is being dissolved

62
Q

what is a solvent

A

what is doing the dissolving

63
Q

how does solubility change with temperature

A

decreasing temperature decreases solubility of a solute

64
Q

name one example of a suspension

A

possible answers: oil + vinegar, chocolate milk, sand + water

65
Q

name one example of a colloid

A

possible answers: mayo, whipped cream

66
Q

what are the 4 ways to change solubility of a solute

A

temperature, pressure, molecular size, polarity

67
Q

what makes a solution concentrated

A

it has a large amount of solute dissolved

68
Q

how do you calculate molarity

A

molecular mass/1 liter of solvent

69
Q

what is a suspension

A

when solute is suspended in solvent for a period of time

70
Q

what is a colloid

A

a kind of suspension where the solute is held in the solvent for and extended time period

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