cells and cell function Flashcards
what is the difference between a plant and animal cell?
plants have a cell wall and cell membrane and animal only have a cell membrane
how does the structure of the cell membrane relate to diffusion?
molecules move across the membrane, which is diffusion
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
eukaryotic; detoxifies the cell and makes lipids
what is the cell theory?
all the plants and animals are composed of of cells and cells are the basic unit of life
golgi bodies
eukaryotic; sorts and ships proteins
vacuoles
eukaryotic; stores water and nutrients
vesicles
eukaryotic; transport materials around the cell
what is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane, and diffusion is when molecules move across a membrane
cell membrane
all; a thin flexible barrier that separates the cell from its enviroment
what is the importance of polarity with respect to the membrane?
if a membrane is polar, electrons present on the membrane will not be evenly distributed which causes one side of the molecule to be more charged than the other
what roles do vacuoles play in plant cells?
storage and transport, environmental stability, response to injury
mitochondria
eukaryotic; makes energy
what is the function and structure of the cell wall?
it surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells and allows cells to develop turgor pressure
what is the importance of particle size with respect to the cell membrane?
if a particle is smaller, it will be easier for it do be diffused across the membrane rather than if it were big
cell wall
plants, fungi, and prokaryotes; rigid barrier that protects the cell
cytoskeleton
eukaryotic; structure, support and transport
why are cell membranes made of lipids?
because of their flexibility it is good for the membrane
lysosome
eukaryotic, animal cells only; removes unwanted material and waste
what are the parts of the cytoskeleton?
microtubules and filaments
what is the difference from active, facilitated, and passive transport?
passive does not require energy, active transport does require energy, and facilitated is a type of passive transport
nucleolus
eukaryotic; makes ribosomes
nucleus
eukaryotic; stores genetic information
what roles do vacuoles play in animal cells?
remove waste productsw
why are cell membranes important?
because they protect and organize the cell
cytoplasm
all cells; contains the contents of cells
ribosome
all cells; makes proteins
how is digestion connected to cell structure?
lysosomes function as the digestion system of the cell
what are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
prokaryotes are unicellular and store their DNA in cytoplasm and eukaryotes have multiple cells and store their DNA in the nucleus
chloroplasts
plants only; makes food using the process of photosynthesis
how does the membrane respond to changes in concentration?
the membrane becomes more permeable
rough endoplasmic reticulum
eukaryotic, makes proteins fro the endomembrane system
how do the organelles work together?
by communicating with each other through vesicle passageways
