Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disroders Flashcards
What is psychosis?
A symptom not a disease, severe disease of the mind
Lack of insight
Inability to distinguish between symptoms of delusion, hallucinations and disorders thinking from reality
What is neurosis?
Disease of the nerves
Elevated mood with psychosis?
Manic, cannot be hypomanic with psychosis.
How can psychosis present clinically
Hallucinations- have the full force and clarity of true perception Located in external space Not external stimulus Not willed or controlled Happens in all 5 senses
What is a delusional belief
A delusion of unshakeable idea of belief which is out of keeping with the persons social and cultural background.
Grandiose
Paranoid
Hypochondrial
Self referential
What diseases typically exhibit psychosis
Physical Pathologies- e.g. brain disease
Schizophrenia
Delirium
Severe affective disorder
Depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms
Manic episodes with psychotic symptoms
What is schizophrenia
A severe mental illness affecting thinking, emotion and behaviour
It is the most common psychosis
What are the symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive- ( more likely to be disease and prognostically better)
Hallucinations
Delusions
Disordered thinking
Negative (less likely to have it and a worse prognosis)
Apathy
Lack of interest
Lack of emotions
What is the criteria for schizophrenia diagnosis
For more than a month one of the following must be had:
Alienation if thought (echoed thought, thought inserted into head, thought taken out of head, thought broadcasting)
Delusions of control, influenced of passivity(unable to control body), clearly referred to body or limb movements, sensations, delusional perception
Hallucinatory voices giving a running commentary on the patients behaviour or discussing him between theme selves, or other types of hallucinatory voices coming from some part of the body
Persist and delusions, culturally delusional or completely impossible beliefs
What is the sub criteria diagnosis for schizophrenia
One of the previous things plus two of the following
Persistent hallucinations in any modality, when occurring every day for at least one month
Neolgisms, breaks or interpolations on the train of thought,sitting in incoherence or irrelevant speech
Catatonic behaviour, such as excitements, posturing or waxy flexibility, negativism, mustism and stupor
Negative symptoms such as marked apathy paucity of speech and blunting or incongruity of emotional responses
What causes psychosis?
Biological factors
Psychological factors
Social factors
Evolutionary theories
What biological factors may cause schizophrenia
GWAS studies have showed:
Heritability between twins and families
Neuregulin and dysbindin are proteins that are thought to be lin,Ed to schizophrenia
DI George syndrome
Neurochemistry:
Dopamine hypothesis
Glutamate
GABA
serotonin pathways
Obstetric complications Maternal influenza Malnutrition and famine Winter Substance misuse (high THC)
What are the psychological theories surrounding psychosis? (Not finished)
Collective unconscious from the past causes schizophrenia?
Process (Conrad 1958)
State of fear
Delusional idea appears
An effort to make sense of the experience causes a change in ones brain
Final change
Harland (2004)
Recognises gross excess of schizophrenia in migrants
All individuals construct a sense of self within framework of time, morality and cultural symbols
When changing location this has neuronal implications leading to vulnerability and severe mental illness
What is the social ideas of schizophrenia
Occupation and social class but be aware of drift hypothesis
Migration
Social isolation
Life events are precipitants (NO implications of cultural factors)
What are the theories around Psychosis and families
High expressed criticism is a predisposing factor to schizophrenia?
