Scalp And Superficial Face

Question 1

What CN closes the eye?

Answer 1

Facial N.
Facial N.
Facial N.

Question 2

What will the parotid duct dive into?

Answer 2

Buccinator M.

Question 3

What nerve and vasculature goes thru parotid gland?

Answer 3

Retromandibular v.
External carotid a.
Facial n.

Question 4

What innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 4

CN 9 via lesser petrosal n.

Traveling on auriculotemporal n. (V3)

Synapsing in otic ganglion

Question 5

How does the facial nerve exit the skull and then the face?

Answer 5

Internal acoustic meatus

Stylomastoid foramen

Question 6

What does the facial n. Provide motor innervation to?

Answer 6

Muscles of facial expression

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical branches

Question 7

What does the sensory roots of facial n. Do?

Answer 7

Taste to ant. 2/3 of tongue via Chorda tympani

Lacrimal, nasal, submandibular, and sublingual glands

Question 8

What is the pathway of the facial n. ?

Answer 8

Thru internal meatus
To geniculate ganglion
From here greater petrosal goes to lacrimal gland

To facial canal
Stapedius branch goes off
Chorda tympani branch goes off

Then out of stylomastoid foramen
Facial n. To muscles of facial expression, Platysma, post. Belly of digastric, etc.

Question 9

What are the branches of V1?

Answer 9

Supraorbital 
Supratrochlear
Lacrimal n.
Infratrochlear n. 
Anterior ethmoidal n.

Question 10

What are the branches of V2?

Answer 10

Infraorbital n.
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal

Question 11

What are the branches of the V3?

Answer 11

Inferior alveolar n. —> mental n.
Buccal
Auriculotemporal

Question 12

What are the major muscles of facial expression?

Answer 12

Occipitofrontalis M. 
Orbicularis oculi 
Orbicularis iris
Buccinator 
Depressor annuli iris
Levator labii superioris

Question 13

What are the actions of occipitofrontalis?

Answer 13

Wrinkles forehead

Innervated bilaterally by facial n.

Question 14

Action of:

Orbital part of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 14

Help tightly close eye

Question 15

Action of:

Palpabrae part of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 15

Help gently close eye

Question 16

Action of:

Lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 16

Open lacrimal sac for tears

Question 17

Action of:

Orbicularis oris

Answer 17

Sphincter that keeps mouth shut

Question 18

Action of:

Buccinator

Answer 18

Keeps cheek taut during chewing

Question 19

Action of:

depressor anguli oris?

Answer 19

Depresses angle of mouth

Question 20

What are the muscles of mastication?

Innervated by?

Answer 20

Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

CN V3

Question 21

What are the anastomoses of the face?

Answer 21

L. And R. Superior labial a. 
L. And R. Inferior labial a. 
Angular a. And supratrochlear a. 
Supraorbital and superficial temporal a. 
Lacrimal a. And middle meningeal a. 
Sphenopalatine a. And ethmoidal a.

Question 22

What are the branches of facial a.?

Answer 22

Superior labial
Inferior labial
Lateral nasal
Angular

Question 23

What does Superifical temporal a. And v. Run iwth?

Answer 23

Auriculotemporal n.

Question 24

What is the artery you can hear next to your ear when you are trying to sleep/

Answer 24

Superficial temporal a.

Question 25

What does the deep facial vein connect to and where will that eventually lead?

Answer 25

Pterygoid venous plexus PVP will go back to cavernous sinus

Question 26

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 26

``` Skin CT Aponeurosis Loose Ct Pericranium ```

Question 27

What is “scalp proper”?

Answer 27

Skin CT Aponeurosis

Question 28

What is contained within the skin of scalp?

Answer 28

Sweat, sebaceous glands, Neurovascular

Question 29

What is contained w/i CT layer of scalp?

Answer 29

Blood vessels | Nerves

Question 30

What does the aponeurosis do?

Answer 30

Connects occipitalfrontalis m. To head

Question 31

What is contained int he pericardium?

Answer 31

Lots of vasculature and nerves | Will hurt hitting bone

Question 32

Why do cuts to the scalp bleed profusely?

Answer 32

Lots of neurovasculature in the skin and ct. NV in dense connective tissue of scalp

Question 33

What types of incisions are made during surgery to preserve the NV found in the dense connective tissue of the scalp?

Answer 33

U-shaped incision

Question 34

How do you get a gaping wound vs. a non-gaping wound?

Answer 34

Gaping wound: cut scalp thru aponeurosis Non-gaping: cut only first two layers of skin

Question 35

Which layer of the scalp would an infection spread thru quickly? What veins would it lead to and where on from there?

Answer 35

Loose ct of scalp Emissary vein Go to dural sinuses

Question 36

Where do tonsils drain to?

Answer 36

Jugulodigastric deep cervical L.N.s

Question 37

What is Herpes Zoster?

Answer 37

Latent Chicken pox and shingles Can go into sensory ganglion

Question 38

What is shingles?

Answer 38

Deactivation of chicken pox virus

Question 39

How does herpes zoster manifest?

Answer 39

Affects sensory ganglion like trigeminal so it will follow innervation of N. V1= bridge of nose and forehead V2 = medial cheeks and upper lip V3 = lateral cheeks and lower lips Can also get it in dorsal root ganglion and affect dermatomes maps of UE

Question 40

What does the Stapedius m. Do? What innervates it?

Answer 40

Dampens sound Stapedius branch of facial n. Coming off within facial canal

Question 41

If you have a lesion of CN 7 at level of IAM, what results?

Answer 41

``` Bell’s palsy Loss of tear production Increased sound No taste to ant. 2/3 of tongue Submandibular and sublingual glands do not work ```

Question 42

If you have a lesion of CN 7 at level of facial canal, what results?

Answer 42

Facial canal is where chorda tympani and Stapedius come off So after the canal, Bell’s palsy No chorda tympani No innerv. To submandibular or sublingual glands

Question 43

What is Bell’s palsy? What is its clinical cause and consequence?

Answer 43

Lesion of CN 7 causing ipsilateral paralysis of facial muscles Cannot close eye Unable to blin Cannot tightly close mouth Cannot blow a kiss, suck on a straw