Pterygopalatine Fossa And Nasal Cavity Flashcards
What bones form the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid bone (crista galli, cribriform plate, perpendicular plate)
palatine bone
Maxilla (palatine process, alveolar margin)
Vomer
Nasal bone
Frontal bone (frontal sinus)
Sphenoid bone (Sella turcica, sphenoid sinus)
What are the meatuses of the nasal cavity?
Under each concha
Superior, middle and inferior meatuses
What bone is the inferior meatus in?
Maxilla
What bone makes the superior and middle nasal concha?
Ethmoid bone
What is the role of the conchae?
Increase surface area within the nasal cavity
Have roles w/ warming and cooling air
What is the nasal cavity lined with? What is it connected to?
Nasal mucosa
Connected to periosteum of nasal cavity
Perichondrium of cartilaginous nasal components
What is the passage associated with:
Sphenoid ethmoidal recess
Sphenoid sinus
What is the passage associated with:
Superior nasal meatus
ethmoidal sinuses
What is the passage associated with:
Middle nasal meatus
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus (opens at posterior part of semilunar hiatus at maxillary ostium)
What is the passage associated with:
Inferior nasal meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
What arteries constitute Kiesselbach area?
Sphenopalatine
Ethmoidal as.
Greater palatine a.
Superior labial a.
What is the venous drainage to the medial and lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine v.
Facial v.
Ophthalmic v.
What is the largest paranasal sinus?
Maxillary
Where does the maxillary sinus drain to?
Maxillary optimum into middle meatus
What is the supply for maxillary sinus?
Superior alv. Branches of great palatine a.
Greater palatine a.
What innervates the maxillary sinus?
Superior alveolar n. (V1)
Where is the ethmoid sinus?
Air cells b/w orbits
What does the ethmoid sinus drain into?
Anterior and middle: to middle meatus
Posterior: superior meatus
What supplies the ethmoid sinus?
Ethmoidal As.
What innervates the ethmoid sinus?
Nasociliary ns. (From CN v1)
Where is the sphenoid sinus located?
On either side of bony part of nasal septum
Where does the sphenoid sinus drain to?
Spheno-ethmoidal recess
What is the blood supply to the sphenoid sinus?
Posterior ethmoidal a.
What innervates the sphenoid sinus?
Posterior ethmoidal n. (CN V2)
Where is the frontal sinus located?
Between out and inner tables of frontal bone
Where does the frontal sinus drain to?
Frontonasal duct
Into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
What innervates the frontal sinus?
Supraorbital Ns. (CN V1)
What is the blood supply to the frontal sinus?
Supraorbital As.
Anterior ethmoidal A.
Where would you find the Pterygopalatine fossa?
Inferior to apex of orbit
What are the borders to the pterygopalatine fossa?
Anterior: maxillary tuberosity
Posterior: lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
Medial: perpendicular plate of palatine bone
Roof: greater wing of sphenoid bone
Floor: Pyramidal process of palatine bone
What are the opening found int he pterygopalatine fossa?
Inferior orbital fissure
Pterygomaxillary fissure
Sphenopalatine foramen
Foramen rotundum
Pharyngeal canal
pterygoid (vidian) canal
Foramen lacerum
Pterygopalatine canal
What is in the vidian canal?
Foramen lacerum
N. To pterygoid canal (greater + deep petrosal n.)
What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?***
Maxillary N. (V2)
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Maxillary A. (3rd part)
Infraorbital n. Zygomatic n. V2 (orbital branches etc) N. Of pterygoid canal Greater palatine Lesser palatine
What does the pterygopalatine ganglion transit?
Parasympathetic fibers from CN 7 synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion
To supply the lacrimal gland
(CN 7- greater petrosal n. + deep petrosal n. = n. Of the pterygoid canal, joins with zygomatic branch (V2) and lacrimal n. (V1))
What is the location and vasculature associated with the most common cause of epistaxis?
Common cause bc of trauma
Bleeding is from area in anterior third of nose- called the Kiesselbach Area
Kiesselbach area houses capillary bed that can bleed profusely
What are the arteries in the Kiesselbach area?
Ethmoidal As. (Posterior and anterior)
Sphenopalatine A.
Greater Palatine A.
Sup Tal branch of superior labial a.
What should be ligated in the case of a chronic epistaxis?
Third part of maxillary a.
What is the O and I of Tensor Veli Palatini M.?
O: medial pterygoid plate, sphenoid spine, pharyngotympanic tube
I: Palatine aponeurosis
What is the O and I of the Levator Veli Palatini M.?
O: Pharyngotympanic tube, petrous temporal bone
I: Palatine aponeurosis
What is the innervation to the tensor veli palatini m.?
V3 (medial pterygoid n.)
What is the innervation of:
levator Veli palatine m. ?
CN 10 (Pharyngeal branch)
What is the action of the:
Tensor Veli Palatini M.?
Tense soft palate
Open mouth of the pharyngotympanic tube
What is the action of the
Levator Veli Palatini M.?
Elevate soft palate
What happens in the infratemporal fossa?
What happens in the pterygopalatine fossa?
Infratemporal: V3 breaks up and give off all its branches
Pterygopalatine: V2 breaks up and gives off all of its branches
What is rhinitis?
Where could this infection spread?
when the nasal mucosa becomes swollen and inflamed during severe upper respiratory infections and allergic reactions
Anterior cranial fossa thru the cribriform plate
Nasopharynx and retropharyngeal soft tissue
Middle ear thru the Pharyngotympanic tube
Paranasal sinuses
Lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva
