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Neuro > Histology Of Nasal And Oral Cavities > Flashcards

Histology Of Nasal And Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Respiratory Epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

With lamina propria

  • cilia
  • goblet cells
  • thick b.m.
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2
Q

What is a “lamina propria”?

A

Found in respiratory epithelium, lingual papilla, and oral mucosa

Rich, vascular network of complex set of capillary loops

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3
Q

What are the 3 regions of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal vestibule
Respiratory region
Olfactory region

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4
Q

What is the nasal cavity divided by?

A

Nasal septum

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5
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Nasal vestibule

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Inside nostrils, lined by skin

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6
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Respiratory region

A

Pseduostratified columnar ciliary epithelium

Inferior 2/3 of nasal cavities and is lined with respiratory mucosa

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7
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Olfactory region

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Thick
Thin b.m.
No goblet cells (NONE NONE NONE)

Located at apex and lined w/ specialized olfactory mucosa

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8
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

Adjust temperature and humidity of inspired air

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9
Q

What are the Paranasal sinuses?

What are the lined with?

A

Air filled spaces in bones of the walls of the nasal cavity;
An extension of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity

Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium)

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10
Q

How do the sinuses communicate w/ nasal cavities?

A

Tru narrow opening onto respiratory mucosa via ciliary movements

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11
Q

What are sinuses subject to ?

A

Subj. to acute infection after viral infection of UR tract

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12
Q

What is the oral cavity lined with?

A

Protective mucous membrane - oral mucosa

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13
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks of the:

Oral mucosa

A

Stratified squamous w/ varying keratinization

3 divisions: lining, masticatory, specialized mucosa

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14
Q

What is the oral mucosa supported by? And what is that composed of?

A

Supported by dense collagenous tissue (lamina propria)

CT composed of Fibroblasts, WBCs, Collagen fibers

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15
Q

What are the two layers of CT for oral mucus a?

A

Papillary layer

Dense layer

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16
Q

What is the Papillary layer of oral mucosa CT composed of?

A

Superficial, loose CT

W/ NV

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17
Q

What is the Dense layer of oral mucosa CT composed of?

A

Deep, dense, irregular CT w/ large amts. of fibers

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18
Q

What is the function of Rete Ridges ?

A

Keep underlying mucosa attached in oral cavity

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19
Q

What is the submucosal layer composed of? When is it present?

A

Present depending on location (cheeks)

Loose ct, adipose tissue, salivary glands

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20
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks and location of the:

Masticatory Mucosa

A

Keratinized and/or parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

On hard palate, gingival, and dorsal surface of tongue

Superficial cells will still have highly condensed nuclei that will remain until the cell is exfoliated
Highly intergitiated with Rete ridges and papillae

Thin or absent submucosa (no fat on hard palate)

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21
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks and location of the:

Lining Mucosa

A

NON keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Inner lip, cheeks, alveolar mucosal surface, floor of mouth, inferior surface of tongue,
Soft palate

Few Rete ridges and ct papillae
Has DISTINCT submucosa
Thicker than keratinized
Has 3 layers (stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum superficiale)

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22
Q

What are the 3 layers of lining mucosa?

A

Stratum basale - singly layer of cells on basal lamina (deepest)

Stratum spinosum - several cells thick

Stratum superficiale - most superficial layer

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23
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks and location of the:

Specialized mucosa

A

Specialized assoc. with taste
Tongue: keratinized stratified squamous
Lingual papillae: keratinized epithelium w/ lamina propria

Only on dorsal surface of tongue

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24
Q

What two layers of mucosa does the dorsal surface of the tongue have?

What does it contain?

A

Masticatory mucosa
Specialized mucosa

Covers the muscular surface
Contains lingual papillae and taste buds

25
Q

What are lingual papillae?

A

Small elevated structures of specialized mucosa; some assoc. w/ taste buds

Keratinized epithelium w/ lamina propria

26
Q

What are the different types of papillae?

A

Filiform
Foliate
Fungiform
Circumvallate

27
Q

What are the characteristics of the

Filiform papillae

A

Move food toward pharynx to swallow

Gives tongue velvet texture, most widespread

Shaped like a FINE POINTED CONE

NO TASTE BUDS

28
Q

What are the characteristics of the

Foliate Papillae?

A

Vertical ridges on lateral tongue surface

Rect. Shape

Have TASTE

29
Q

What are the characteristics of the

Fungiform papillae

A

On dorsal surface of tongue in lesser #s

Provide TASTE

Look like little rounded cone

30
Q

What are the characteristics of the

Circumvallate papillae

A

Only 7-15 of them in front of sulcus terminalis

Raised mushroom shaped structures
W/ sunken appearance

100s of TASTE buds present

31
Q

What is the basic structure of a taste bud?

A

Barrel shaped organs that perceive food molecules composed of 30-80 spindle shaped cells extending from b.m.

32
Q

What are the 5 taste sensations provided by taste buds?

A 
Sweet
Salty
Sour/acidic
Bitter
Umami
33
Q

Besides the tongue, where else could you find taste buds?

A

Palatoglossus arch
Soft palate
Posterior surface of epiglottis
Posterior wall of pharynx

34
Q

What are neuroepithelial (sensory) cells?

What do they synapse w?

A

Elongated cells that extend from basal lamina of epithelium to taste pore

Extend microvilli thru pore

Synapse w/ afferent sensory neurons of CN 7,9, 10

35
Q

What are supporting cells of taste buds?

What do they synapse with?

A

Elongated cells extending from basal lamina to taste pore

Contain microvilli on apical surface

DO NOT SYNAPSE w/ N. CELLS

36
Q

What are basal cells of taste buds?

A

Small cell near basal portion of taste bud near basal lamina

Stem cells for two other cells types (supporting and neuroepithelial)

37
Q

Which tonsil is located in the Oropharynx?

A

Palatine tonsil

38
Q

Which tonsil is located in the Nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

39
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks of the

palatine tonsils?

A

NON-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Has 1020 tonsillar crypts (deep invaginations)

Epithelial lining densely populated w/ lymphocytes (spherical, for viral and fungal)

Has dense CT acting as partial capsule

40
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks of the and location

Pharyngeal tonsil?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

On posterior wall of nasopharynx

NO CRYPTS (but invaginated mucosa w/ shallow infolding), thin capsule

41
Q

What is the histology and hallmarks of the and location

Lingual tonsil?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

Along base of tongue

Has terminal centers, varying # of crypts, NO CAPSULE

42
Q

What is the crown of a tooth?

What protects it?

A

Projects into oral cavity

Protected by enamel

43
Q

What is the root of a tooth?

What invests into it?

A

Embedded in alveolar ridge of alveolus

Invested by thin layer of cementum

44
Q

What is the bulk of a tooth composed of?

A

Dentin

45
Q

What does dentin enclose?

What is dentin?

What are dentinal tubules?

A

Central pulp chamber

Calcified organic matrix w/ calcium hydroxyapatite crystals

Parallel tubes that go to edge of dentin

46
Q

What is enamel composed of?

A

parallel enamel rods (prisms) of calcium hydroxyapatite

47
Q

How are rods(prisms) of enamel held together?

A

Cemented together by calcified inter prismatic material

48
Q

What do the diagonal lines that cross enamel represent?

A

Incremental growth lines

49
Q

Why is enamel so much harder than bone?

A

Greater ratio of calcium hydroxyapatite

50
Q

What produces Dentin?

A

Odontoblast

51
Q

What produces enamel?

A

Ameloblast

52
Q

What is cementum?

What does it do?

A

Amorphous calcified tissue at base of tooth, covering dentin of root

Anchors Peridontal ligament

53
Q

What composes pulp?

Characteristics?

Function?

A

Loose, mesenchymal CT w/ collagen fibers, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells

Highly vascular, well innervated

Provides nutrition to dentin and can form reactive dentin upon injury

54
Q

If a tooth is “dead” what is damaged?

A

Pulp

55
Q

How is a tooth anchored in alveolar bone?

A

Anchored via cementum and periodontal ligament

56
Q

Where does the periodontal ligament insert? What is it composed of?

A

Inserts into cementum and alveolar bone

Composed of collagen fibers

57
Q

What does the periodontium consist of? what is it basically?

A

Cementum
Periodontal L.
Alveolar bone
Gingival

Where teeth are anchored

58
Q

How do you lose a tooth?

A

Osteoblasts chew up periodontal L.

Neuro (18 decks)

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