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Neuro > Dural Sinuses, Meninges, and Vasculature > Flashcards

Dural Sinuses, Meninges, and Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cranial meninges made of?

What is the purpose of them?

A

Dense regular CT

Separate soft tissue of brain from bones of cranium
Enclose and protect blood vessels supply brain
Contain and circulate CSF
FORM some of the veins that drain blood

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2
Q

What are the layers of cranial meninges from superficial to deep?

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

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3
Q

What are the two layers of dura mater?

A

Periosteal

Meningeal

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4
Q

What is below the arachnoid mater?

A

Subarachnoid space (between arachnoid mater and pia mater)

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5
Q

What is contained in Pia mater?

A

Contains cerebral a.

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply to the meninges?

A

Middle meningeal a.

Frontal and parietal Branch

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7
Q

What does middle meningeal go thru after coming off of maxillary a.?

A

Foramen spinosum

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8
Q

What is the innervation of the meninges?

A

V1 - ethmoidal n., tentorial n.
V2- meningeal branch
V3 - meningeal branches
Cervical spinal ns. (C2, 3) - floor of posterior cranial fossa

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the dura mater?

A

Most Superficial
Toughest and strongest membrane

2 fibrous layers

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10
Q

What forms dural venous sinuses?

A

Separation of periosteal and meningeal layers

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11
Q

When is a subdural space created? and where?

A

When something goes wrong, as in a bleeding bridging v. (Subdural hematoma)

Space b/w dura mater and arachnoid

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12
Q

What is arachnoid mater made of?

A

Arachnoid traveculae (a delicate web of collage and elastic fibers)

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13
Q

What is deep to arachnoid mater? What is here?

A

Subarachnoid space

CSF

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14
Q

What does pia mater do?

A

Tightly adheres to brain and follows every contour of the brain surface

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15
Q

What makes a septa? What is a septa?

What are the 4 septa?

A

Septa: flat partition into cranial cavity Separating specific parts of brain

Made from extension of meningeal layer of dura mater

Falx cerebri; tentorium cerebelli; falx cerebelli; diaphragma sellae

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16
Q

What’s purpose of falx cerebri?

A

Separates two hemispheres of cerebrum

17
Q

What’s purpose of falx cerebelli?

A

Separates two hemispheres of cerebellum

18
Q

What’s purpose of tentorium cerebelli?

A

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

19
Q

What’s purpose of diaphragma sellae? Where is it?

What sinus is here?

A

Superior to hypophyseal fossa of sphenoid bone and pituitary gland
Attaches to anterior and posteiror clinoid processes

Opening in middle for passage of pituitary infundibulum

Cavernous sinus

20
Q

What is found within the septa?

A

Dural venous sinuses

21
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses?

A

Superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
Straight sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Transverse sinus

22
Q

What happens during an epidural hematoma?

How do you get one?

How does it present?

how does it look on a CT?

A

Ruptured middle meningeal artery

If you get hit in side of head at pterion point

With a lucid interval where blood slowly fills up space and with brain herniating out

“Lens”

23
Q

What happens during an subdural hematoma?

How do you get one?

How does it present?

how does it look on a CT?

A

Rupture briding v.

Acceleration/deceleration injury
Shaken baby syndrome

Crescent shaped

24
Q

What happens during an Subachanoid hemorrhage?

How do you get one?

How does it present?

how does it look on a CT?

Who is predisposed to it?

A

Ruptured aneurysm on cerebral a.

Fills subarachnoid space

“The worst headache of my life”
Can even see it during lumbar puncture if there is blood in CSF

Spiderweb on CT

Postmenopausal women and people w/ hypertension

25
Q

Contributing veins to cavernous sinus? What does this allow for?

A

Superior opthalmic v.
Inferior ophthalmic v.
Facial v. (Incl. angular v.)

Allow for an infection in the front of the face to spread back

26
Q

What helps drains the cavernous sinus?

A

Superior petrosal

Inferior petrosal sinus: Goes from cavernous to sigmoid

27
Q

What is the associated Neurovascular strucutre in the cavernous sinus?

A

ICA
CN 3, 4, v1, V2, 6
Diaphragm sellae

28
Q

What is a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?

Clinically presents with?

A

Compress CN3, 4, V1, V2 and 6

(6 is mostly affected bc of its proximity)

High fever, periorbital edema, CN palsies, decreased visual acuity

29
Q

What are the 4 parts of the ICA?

Which part will give off cerebral arteries? What do they form?

A

Cervical, petrosal, cavernous, and cerebral

Cerebral gives off cerebral As. In the Circle of Willis

30
Q

What is the CSF?

A

Clear colorless liquids that circulate sin ventricles and subarachnoid space

31
Q

What are the functions of CSF?

A

Buoyancy
Protection
Environmental stability

32
Q

What is CSF formed by and produced by?

A

Formed by choroid plexus in each ventricle

Produced by ependymal cells

33
Q

Where do ependymal cells originate from and what do they do?

A

Originate from blood plasma

Secrete and produce CSF

34
Q

What is the makeup of CSF?

A

Similar to blood plasma but has greater amount of Na, H, Ca

Less K

35
Q

What doe arachnoid granulation do?

A

Help csf flow to dural venous sinus

36
Q

What happens to the arachnoid granulation if there is a subarachnoid hemorrage?

What is this called?

A

Blood is flowing into subarachnoid space

Cannot be filtered out thru arachnoid granulation (will damage granulation, causes them to fibrose, and clog whole system)

Causes enlargement of ventricle and compression of brain

= Hydrocephalus

37
Q

What is the danger triangle?

What is this implicated in?

A

Triangular area from upper lip to the bridge of nose

Thrombophlebitis of facial v.

Facial v. Makes connection w/ cavernous sinus and could allow an infection of the face to spread to cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus

Facial v. Has no valves so blood can go backwards and enter cavernous sinus

Neuro (18 decks)

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