SAQ 2014 Flashcards
Structure of bile salts
Where are they reabsorbed?
Glycine/Taurine
Phospholipids, cholesterol,
(mainly oxidation of cholesterol - P450 cytochrome)
About 95% = active transport in the ileum and recycled back to the liver , begins is duodenum
Full name of LH and FSH
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone
When is disclosure allowed? (confidentiality)
If there is danger to the patient (exploitation)
When it’s in the public interest (crime)
Patient consented (use in education)
3 roles of macrophages in host defence?
Phagocytose
Antigen presenting cell
release cytokines to activate lymphocytes
Differences between R and L main bronchi?
R is more vertical, wider and shorter
Two types of cell in a normal ovary that secrete oestrogen
Theca/stromal (produce androgens)
Granulosa
What is the function of Thyroidperoxidase? (3 marks)
Liberates iodine for addition onto tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin
How is thyroid transported?
What receptors do they bind to?
Thyroid Binding Protein and Albumin
-nuclear receptors
Two functions of thyroxine
CNS development, increased use of sodium/potassium/ATPase channels, increases BMR, potentiates catecholamines
What hormones are secreted from thyroid?
Thyroxine (tetra-iodothyronine)
Tri-iodothyronine T3
Decreases in PVR?
Nitric oxide
Hypoxia
Cardon dioxide
Atrial Natriuetic Peptide
Primary visual cortex is where? What sulcus
Occipital Lobe –Calcarine Sulcus (17)
Which nerves are in pupillary reflex
Optic
Oculomotor
Pain anatomy
Amygdala - emotional
insula - subjective pain perception (judgement)
sensorimotor cortex - positional awareness
Anterior cingulate - pain sensation
Pre frontal cortex = pain wareness
What material is meniscus of knee made from
Fibrocartilagenous
- What nerves supply these compartments of the thigh? (2 marks each)
Anterior – Femoral
Medial – Obtruator
Posterior – Sciatic
- Which muscle(s) help to stabilize the knee?
Quadriceps
- What makes up the carpal tunnel? (2 marks)
Carpel Bones and Flexor Retinaculum
Median nerve
a) Name the 3 joints in the synovial cavity in the knee?
Medial Tibiofemoral (condyloid) Lateral Tibiofemoral (condyloid) Patellofemoral (gliding)
Which way is varus/valgus?
What is damaged with each
Varus = knees point out (R U out?) Valgus = knees point in
Varus - lateral collateral
Valgus - medial collateral
What protects the knee joint from dislocating anteriorly
What protects the knee joint from dislocating posteriorly/ strengthens the back of the knee
Guy playing football, was tackled from the front of his left knee. Injury causing hyperextension of the knee - which structure in the knee is injured?
prevents dislocatation anteriorly = anterior cruciate ligament + ligamentum patellae
prevents dislocatation posteriorly =posterior cruciate ligament - Oblique Popliteal
posterior cruciate ligament
Why would you get referred pain to the shoulder with gallbladder/diaphragmatic irritation?
Shoulder = C5 dermatone
Diaphragm = C345
- Which meniscus is fasten tightly to the tibial joint?
Medial
