Sample Questions from Class Exam 1 Flashcards
Which of the following are changes seen in reversible cell injury: A. mitochondrial swelling B. Swelling of ER C. pyknosis and karyorrhexis D. A and B E. A, B, C
D. A and B
Which of the following are defining characteristics of necrotic cells? A. lipid accumulation in cytoplasm B. swelling of ER C. Pyknosis and karyorrhexis D. nuclear chromatolysis E. C and D
E. C and D
Mitochondrial release of cytochrome c contributes to the initiation of: A. necrosis B. atrophy C. apoptosis D. cell swelling E. lipidosis
C. apoptosis
Mitochondrial and ER swelling often accompanies:
A. necrosis
B. apoptosis
A. necrosis
Cell death is rarely associated with inflammation in
Apoptosis
Which of the following contribute to formation of free radicals that initiate cell injury?
A. UV irradiation
B. fenton reaction
C. carbon tetrachloride metabolism in the liver
D. a and b
E. a, b, and c
E. all of them
Which of the following mechanisms contributes most to cell death in hypoxic tissue injury? A. ATP depletion B. free radical injury C. DNA damage D. protein misfolding E. membrane damage
A. ATP depletion
Ischemia reperfusion injury is characterized by which of the follwing mechanisms of injury? A. ATP depletion B. Free radical injury C. protein misfolding and apoptosis D. A and B E. All
D. A and B
Calcification in a renal infarct is most likely due to which mechanism?
A. dystrophic
B. metastatic
A. dystrophic
Which of the following are mechanisms of metastatic calcification? A. carbon tetrachloride toxicity b. primary parathyroid tumor c. hypervitaminosis D D. A, B and C E. B and C
E. B and C
Vitamin E deficiency and lipid peroxidation contributes to formation of which pigment? A. hemosiderin B. lipofuscin C. bilirubin D. melanin E. hematoidin
B. lipofuscin
Which of the following pigments can result in brown pigmentation of organs and cytoplasm? A. melanin B. hemosiderin C. lipofuscin D. bilirubin E. A, B, and C
E. A, B, and C
The most common form of amyloidosis in animals is derived from: A. immunoglobulin -Primary B. serum amyloid A protein - secondary C. Islet amyloid polypeptide D. apolipoprotein E. amyloid precursor protein
B. Serum amyloid
Form of amyloid associated with diabetes mellitus in cats A. immunoglobulin -Primary B. serum amyloid A protein - secondary C. Islet amyloid polypeptide D. apolipoprotein E. amyloid precursor protein
C. endocrine amyloid (islet amyloid polypeptide, IAPP)
The mechanism of pulmonary edema in left heart failure is: A. increased hydrostatic pressure B. increased vascular permeability C. decreased oncotic pressure D. lymphatic obstruction E. sodium retention in renal dz
A. (pressure backup in pulmonary vasculature)
Which of the following mechanism most likely explains edema fluid with high protein content? A. increased hydrostatic pressure B. increased vascular permeability C. decreased oncotic pressure D. lymphatic obstruction E. sodium retention in renal dz
B.
Thrombosis centrally involves coagulation, platelet aggregation and ...? A. high blood flow b. increased vascular permeability c. increased hydrostatic pressure D. vessel wall e. lymphatic obstruction
d. vessel wall
A thrombus carried from its site of vascular origin to a more distant vessel is a
a. thrombus
b. embolus
c. blood clot
d. hematoma
e. thromboembolus
B or E.
vessel wall damage can initiate coagulation via
a. collagen exposure and hageman factor activation
b. endothelial cell release of tissue factor (iii)
c. release of plasminogen activator
d. A, B
e. A, B, C
D. A and B
Damaged endothelial cells released the following to promote thrombosis: A. tissue factor (iii) b. antithrombin III c. von willebrand's factor d. a, b, c e. a, c
e. A and C (antithrombin III stops thrombin formation = inhibits thrombosis)
endothelial cells inhibit thrombosis by:
a. thromboxane A2 production
b. prostacycline production
c. bind inhibitors of thrombin
d. a, b, c
e. b, c
E. B and C (thromboxane is made by platelets and promotes clotting)
Virchow's triad includes all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT: A. changes in vessel wall b. changes in blood flow c. hypocoagulability d. platelet factor III deficiency e. c and d
E. C and D
KNOW VIRCHOW’S TRIAD, IT WILL BE ON EXAM!
Features that characterize a large venous thrombus and allow differentiation from a postmortem blood clot include: A. dark red color b., contains cross linked fibrin c. attached to vessel wall d. firm and friable e. soft and elastic e. a, b, c, d f. c, d g. b, e
F. C and D
Both are dark red
both have some cross linked fibrin in it
soft and elastic are post mortum clots
Which of the following tissues are resistant to infarction bc they have dual blood supply? A. cerebral cortex b. liver c. lung d. a, b, c e. b, c
E. B and C
DO NOT HAVE DUAL BLOOD SUPPLY = Susceptible to infarction are the cerebral cortex, kidney, myocardium
Thrombosis of which vessel is most likely to lead to severe edema in the tissue of the supplied or drained microvascular bed?
A. artery
B. vein
B. vein
Which of the following activate plasminogen to plasmin?
a. tissue plasminogen activator
b. streptokinase
c. kallikrein
d. a, b
e. a, b, c
E. All
3D mass of hemorrhage in tissue is a __ ?
hematoma
