Sample Questions from Class Exam 1

Question 1

Which of the following are changes seen in reversible cell injury:
A. mitochondrial swelling
B. Swelling of ER
C. pyknosis and karyorrhexis
D. A and B
E. A, B, C

Answer 1

D. A and B

Question 2

Which of the following are defining characteristics of necrotic cells? 
A. lipid accumulation in cytoplasm
B. swelling of ER
C. Pyknosis and karyorrhexis 
D. nuclear chromatolysis 
E. C and D

Answer 2

E. C and D

Question 3

Mitochondrial release of cytochrome c contributes to the initiation of: 
A. necrosis 
B. atrophy
C. apoptosis
D. cell swelling
E. lipidosis

Answer 3

C. apoptosis

Question 4

Mitochondrial and ER swelling often accompanies:
A. necrosis
B. apoptosis

Answer 4

A. necrosis

Question 5

Cell death is rarely associated with inflammation in

Answer 5

Apoptosis

Question 6

Which of the following contribute to formation of free radicals that initiate cell injury?
A. UV irradiation
B. fenton reaction
C. carbon tetrachloride metabolism in the liver
D. a and b
E. a, b, and c

Answer 6

E. all of them

Question 7

Which of the following mechanisms contributes most to cell death in hypoxic tissue injury? 
A. ATP depletion
B. free radical injury 
C. DNA damage
D. protein misfolding
E. membrane damage

Answer 7

A. ATP depletion

Question 8

Ischemia reperfusion injury is characterized by which of the follwing mechanisms of injury? 
A. ATP depletion
B. Free radical injury
C. protein misfolding and apoptosis 
D. A and B
E. All

Answer 8

D. A and B

Question 9

Calcification in a renal infarct is most likely due to which mechanism?
A. dystrophic
B. metastatic

Answer 9

A. dystrophic

Question 10

Which of the following are mechanisms of metastatic calcification?
A. carbon tetrachloride toxicity 
b. primary parathyroid tumor
c. hypervitaminosis D
D. A, B and C 
E. B and C

Answer 10

E. B and C

Question 11

Vitamin E deficiency and lipid peroxidation contributes to formation of which pigment?
A. hemosiderin
B. lipofuscin
C. bilirubin
D. melanin
E. hematoidin

Answer 11

B. lipofuscin

Question 12

Which of the following pigments can result in brown pigmentation of organs and cytoplasm? 
A. melanin
B. hemosiderin
C. lipofuscin
D. bilirubin
E. A, B, and C

Answer 12

E. A, B, and C

Question 13

The most common form of amyloidosis in animals is derived from:
A. immunoglobulin -Primary
B. serum amyloid A protein - secondary
C. Islet amyloid polypeptide
D. apolipoprotein
E. amyloid precursor protein

Answer 13

B. Serum amyloid

Question 14

Form of amyloid associated with diabetes mellitus in cats 
A. immunoglobulin -Primary
B. serum amyloid A protein - secondary
C. Islet amyloid polypeptide
D. apolipoprotein
E. amyloid precursor protein

Answer 14

C. endocrine amyloid (islet amyloid polypeptide, IAPP)

Question 15

The mechanism of pulmonary edema in left heart failure is:
A. increased hydrostatic pressure
B. increased vascular permeability
C. decreased oncotic pressure
D. lymphatic obstruction
E. sodium retention in renal dz

Answer 15

A. (pressure backup in pulmonary vasculature)

Question 16

Which of the following mechanism most likely explains edema fluid with high protein content? 
A. increased hydrostatic pressure
B. increased vascular permeability
C. decreased oncotic pressure
D. lymphatic obstruction
E. sodium retention in renal dz

Answer 16

B.

Question 17

Thrombosis centrally involves coagulation, platelet aggregation and ...?
A. high blood flow
b. increased vascular permeability
c. increased hydrostatic pressure
D. vessel wall
e. lymphatic obstruction

Answer 17

d. vessel wall

Question 18

A thrombus carried from its site of vascular origin to a more distant vessel is a

a. thrombus
b. embolus
c. blood clot
d. hematoma
e. thromboembolus

Answer 18

B or E.

Question 19

vessel wall damage can initiate coagulation via

a. collagen exposure and hageman factor activation
b. endothelial cell release of tissue factor (iii)
c. release of plasminogen activator
d. A, B
e. A, B, C

Answer 19

D. A and B

Question 20

Damaged endothelial cells released the following to promote thrombosis: 
A. tissue factor (iii) 
b. antithrombin III 
c. von willebrand's factor 
d. a, b, c
e. a, c

Answer 20

e. A and C (antithrombin III stops thrombin formation = inhibits thrombosis)

Question 21

endothelial cells inhibit thrombosis by:

a. thromboxane A2 production
b. prostacycline production
c. bind inhibitors of thrombin
d. a, b, c
e. b, c

Answer 21

E. B and C (thromboxane is made by platelets and promotes clotting)

Question 22

Virchow's triad includes all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT: 
A. changes in vessel wall
b. changes in blood flow
c. hypocoagulability
d. platelet factor III deficiency 
e. c and d

Answer 22

E. C and D

KNOW VIRCHOW’S TRIAD, IT WILL BE ON EXAM!

Question 23

Features that characterize a large venous thrombus and allow differentiation from a postmortem blood clot include: 
A. dark red color 
b., contains cross linked fibrin
c. attached to vessel wall
d. firm and friable
e. soft and elastic
e. a, b, c, d
f. c, d
g. b, e

Answer 23

F. C and D

Both are dark red
both have some cross linked fibrin in it
soft and elastic are post mortum clots

Question 24

Which of the following tissues are resistant to infarction bc they have dual blood supply?
A. cerebral cortex
b. liver
c. lung
d. a, b, c
e. b, c

Answer 24

E. B and C

DO NOT HAVE DUAL BLOOD SUPPLY = Susceptible to infarction are the cerebral cortex, kidney, myocardium

Question 25

Thrombosis of which vessel is most likely to lead to severe edema in the tissue of the supplied or drained microvascular bed?
A. artery
B. vein

Answer 25

B. vein

Question 26

Which of the following activate plasminogen to plasmin?

a. tissue plasminogen activator
b. streptokinase
c. kallikrein
d. a, b
e. a, b, c

Answer 26

E. All

Question 27

3D mass of hemorrhage in tissue is a __ ?

Answer 27

hematoma