Lecture 9 - Neoplasia (Dr. Craft)

Question 1

__ means new growth

Answer 1

neoplasia = tumor

Question 2

__ is a malignant neoplasm/tumor

Answer 2

cancer

Question 3

5 characteristics of hyperplasia

Answer 3

1. response to external stimuli
2. regress with stimulus removal
3. normal cells
4. organized tissue structure
5. non-clonal cell expansion

Question 4

5 characteristics of neoplasia

Answer 4

1. no direct stim needed
2. does not regress with stim removal
3. abnormal cells (genetic alter)
4. effaces normal tissue
5. clonal cell expansion

Question 5

2 basic components of all tumors

Answer 5

parenchyma and stroma

Question 6

__ are neoplastic cells that constitute the tumor

Answer 6

parenchyma

Question 7

__ are reactive tissue surrounding neoplastic cells (parenchyma) composed of c.t., BV, and +/- cells from the adaptive and innate immune system

Answer 7

stroma

Question 8

__ is abundant fibrous stroma, carcinomas

Answer 8

schirrous response or desmoplasia

Question 9

__ are considered “innocent”, well demarked can have capsule or no capsule, remain local do not metastize but still can cause death depending on location

Answer 9

benign neoplasms

Question 10

suffix __ added to the cell origin of benign neoplasms

Answer 10

oma

Question 11

2 mesenchymal benign neoplasms

Answer 11

fibroma and chondroma

Question 12

__ is benign neoplasm derived from glands

Answer 12

adenoma (may or may not form glands)

Question 13

___ is a benign micro or macroscopic fingerlike/warty projection arising from epithelial surface

Answer 13

papilloma

Question 14

__ is a benign (or malignant) raised projection above a mucosal surface that projects into a lumen

Answer 14

polyp (gastric or colonic polyp)

Question 15

suffix for malignant neoplasms (cancer)

Answer 15

sarcoma

Question 16

malignant neoplasms of epithelial tissue are referred to as __ when can’t tell what cell type they arose from

Answer 16

carcinomas

Question 17

most common example of a mixed tumor (2 or more cell types arise from a pluripotential clone)

Answer 17

mixed mammary tumor (ie. caritlage or bone where it shouldn’t be)

Question 18

__ is more than one germ line originating from totipotential germ cells of the ovary, testes

Answer 18

teratoma (teeth, hair tumor0

Question 19

there is no benign form of __, the oma suffix is misleading

Answer 19

lymphoma

Question 20

4 characteristics of benign neoplasm

Answer 20

1. well delineated
2. often capsulated
3. expansile growth
4. surgical removal

Question 21

3 characteristics of malignant neoplasm

Answer 21

1. infiltrative growth
2. invasive and destructive to surrounding tissue
3. may metastasize

Question 22

__ refers to extent which neoplastic cells resemble corresponding normal parenchymal cells, morphologically and functionally

Answer 22

differentiation

Question 23

__ is the lack of differentiation (hallmark of malignancy)

Answer 23

anaplasia

Question 24

__ is variation in size and shape

Answer 24

pleomorphism

Question 25

6 features of anaplasia

Answer 25

1. pleomorphism
2. abnormal/large nuclear morphology
3. mitoses increased
4. atypical mitotic figures (“y and j shape”)
5. loss of polarity (disporganized growth)
6. necrosis (outgrows blood supply)

Question 26

slow growing malignant tumors can have a __ however cells can be seen invading past it differentiating it from benign tumor

Answer 26

pseudocapsule

Question 27

__ strongly reduces the possibility of a cure

Answer 27

metastatic spread

Question 28

likelyhood of primary tumor to metastasize correlets with what 4 things

Answer 28

1. lack of differentiation
2. aggressive local invasion
3. rapid growth
4. large size

Question 29

Carcinomas are most likely to spread via __

Answer 29

lymph nodes

Question 30

sarcomas are most commonly spread via

Answer 30

blood (hematogenous)

Question 31

hemangiosarcoma of the lung is spread by

Answer 31

hematogenous spread