Sample Questions

Question 1

Which of the following causes apoptosis via the extrinsic (death receptor) pathway?
A. TNF alpha 
B. Hormone withdrawal
C. Growth factor withdrawal
D. Radiation 
E. B and C

Answer 1

A. TNF alpha

Question 2

Which acts to initiate or promote apoptosis?
A. P53
B. Bcl2
C. Granzyme B
D. A and B
E. A and C

Answer 2

E. A and C

Question 3

Activation of Hageman factor 12 directly or indirectly activates: 
A. Intrinsic coagulation system
B. Extrinsic coagulation system
C. Fibrinolysis 
D. Calcification 
E. A and C

Answer 3

E. A and C

Hageman factor indirectly initiates activation of kallikrein which makes plasmin for fibrinolysis

Question 4

Plasminogen is activated to plasmin (= fibrinolysis) by:
A. Tissue plasminogen activator
B. Kallikrein
C. Endotoxin (streptokinase)
D. A and B 
E. All

Answer 4

E.

Question 5

Endothelial cells inhibit platelet aggregation via release of:
A. ADP
B. Prostacyclin (PGI2)
C. Prostaglandin E2 
D. Von Willebrand's factor 
E. Thromboxan A2

Answer 5

B. Prostacycline inhibits platelae aggregation.

Plasminogen activator, NO , and things that bind thrombin and thrombomodulin (activate protein C), antithrombin 3 also INHIBIT

Von Willebrand’s, TXA2, and thromboplastin, collagen, ADP, thrombin, platelet activating factor all PROMOTE coagulation

Question 6

Which of the following path responses is more likely to occur following thrombosis in a vein as compared to thrombosis in an artery?
A. Hemorrhagic infarction
B. Increased capillar hydrostatic pressure in the proximal vascular bed
C. Septic infarction
D. A and B
E. All

Answer 6

D. A and B

Question 7

Endothelial cells inhibit/reverse thrombosis at least in part by:
A. Inhibit platelet aggregation via prostacycline production
B. Inhibit platelet aggregation via thromboxan A2 production
C. Release of thromboplastin
D. Bind thrombin and thrombomodulin
E. Release of plasminogen activator

Answer 7

A, D, E (prostacycline, binding thrombin, plasminogen activator)

Others promote thrombosis (thromboplastin and TXA2)

Question 8

An arterial thrombus differs from postmortem clot:
A. Attached to vessel wall
B. Firm and friable
C. May be associated with pale/white infarct
D. Lines of zahn (laminated)
E. All of the above

Answer 8

E. All of them

Question 9

Which of the following are common sequelae of chronic thrombosis of the jugular vein?
A. Macs adn endothelial infiltration with recanalization
B. Partial fibrinolysis
C. Pulmonary thromboembolism
D. Dystrophic calcification
E. Metastatic calcification 
F. A, b, c, d
G. A, b, c, e

Answer 9

F - all but metastatic

Question 10

Endothelial cells inhibit thrombosis by:
A. Prostacyclin
B. Covering subendothelial collagen
C. Binding thrombin and thrombomodulin
D. A and B 
E. All

Answer 10

E. All

Question 11

Which of the following interacts with hydrogen peroxide to produce OH- radical
A. Oxygen
B. Vitamin e 
C. Hemosiderin
D. Cytochrome c
E. Ferrous iron

Answer 11

E. Ferrous iron

Question 12

Which of the following are mechanisms of metastatic calcification?
A. Carbon tetrachloride toxin
B. Primary parathyroid adenoma
C. Hypervitaminosis E 
D. All 
E. B, C

Answer 12

B.

If C were hypervitaminosis D (not hypervitaminosis E) then it would be both b. And c. !

Question 13

Which of the following events commonly leads to metastatic calcification?
A. Hypovitaminosis D
B. Primary thyroid tumor
C. Chronic renal dz
D. A and B
E. A and C

Answer 13

C. Chronic renal dz.

A. should be HYPERvitaminosis D
B. Should be primary hyperparathyroidism

Other causes:
Toxic plants
Nutritional or renal secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia of malignancy

Question 14

Endothelial cells inhibit thrombosis by?
A. Thromboplastin
B. Thromboxane A2
C. Prostacyclin
D. A, B
E. All

Answer 14

C.

Others promote

Question 15

Which of the follwoign inducers of cell death result in apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway?
A. TNF alpha
B. FAS ligand
C. Cytotoxic t cells 
D. Growth factor withdrawal
E. A,b, c

Answer 15

D. Growth factor withdrawal

Question 16

Which of the following pathogenetic mechanisms is most important in the edema that occurs in acute fibrinous pneumonia in cattle?
A. Increased hydrostatic p
B. Increased vascular perm
C. Decreased oncotic p
E. Lymph obstruction
F. Sodium retention

Answer 16

C. Increased vascular perm (proteins present!)

Question 17

The lung slide from lab with thrombosis and recanalization of pulmonary arteries and recurring bacteremia, the long-term pathophysiologic sequelae of reanalyzed thrombi in pulmonary arteries is:
A. Pulmonary infarction
B. Thromboembolism to coronary a.
C. Decreased cross section area of lumens and pulmonary hypertension
D. Terminal pulmonary hemorrhage

Answer 17

C.

Question 18

The mechanism of generalized body edema that occurs in dogs with long standing renala amyloidosis is:
A. Increased hydrostatic p
B. Increased vascular p
C. Decreased oncotic p
D. Lymphatic obstruction
E. Sodium retention

Answer 18

C.

Question 19

Endothelial cells inhibit or counter act thrombosis by all of the follwogin EXCEPT:
A. Prostacyclin
B. Tissue plasminogen activator
C. Inhibit NO
D. Cover subendothelial collagen
E. Bind antithrombin 3 to inhibit thrombin

Answer 19

C.

How endothelial cells inhibit thrombosis!
Inhibits platelet aggregation:
PGI2/Prostacycline, ADPase, NO
Inhibits thrombin: bind antithrombin, thrombomodulin, alpha macrogloulin
Promote fibrinolysis: plasminogen activator