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General Pathology > Lecture 6 - Inflammation and repair > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Inflammation and repair Flashcards

1
Q

4 things that cause fibrosis to be favored over regeneration

A
  1. severe/prolonged injury
  2. loss of basement membrane
  3. large amounts of exudate
  4. lack of renewable cells (non-dividing)
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2
Q

most tissues have a __ cell population of cells with latent capacity to regenerate, if tissue is damaged the neighboring cells can leave G0, divide and migrate to replace

A

stable

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3
Q

__ do not enter G0 (quiescent) state/they continue to multiply throughout life, these cells have lots of repair compacity

A

labile

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4
Q

3 examples of labile cells

A

epithelial, hematopoietic, and lymphoid cells

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5
Q

5 examples of stable cells (can divide and migrate)

A
  1. epithelial cells in lung, liver, kidney, endocrine glands
  2. endothelial cels
  3. fibroblasts
  4. smooth m
  5. +/- skeletal m
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6
Q

non-dividing cells do not have the capacity to __ they only have limited capacity to regenerate portions of cell cytoplasm post injury. give 2 examples!

A

divide, cardiac myocytes and neurons

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7
Q

only repair for non-dividing cells of the heart and neurons is by

A

scarring

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8
Q

4 stem and progenitor cells in tissues

A
  1. skin - hair follicle bulge stim cells and interfollicular epidermal stem cells
  2. intestinal crypt stem cells
  3. liver oval cells
  4. eye corneal stem cells
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9
Q

4 things that favor regeneration over scarring

A
  1. mild/brief injury
  2. maintenance of basement membrane/microvascular/tissue framework
  3. SMALL amounts of exudate
  4. renewable cells (dividing progenitor/stem cells)
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10
Q

healing by __ there is little exudate and tissue elements are close (no large gap)

A

first intention

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11
Q

healing by __ the edges of wound are wide apart, damaged area contians exudate and necrotic debris, fills in with granulation tissue but leaves large area of fibrosis (scar)

A

second intention

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12
Q

__ is the replacement of fibrin and necrotic debris by granulation tissue

A

organization

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13
Q

__ is highly organized form of fibrovascular tissue with orderly episodes of mac influtration, stimulation of angiogenesis and fibrosis and maturation to dense c.t. scar

A

granulation tissue

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14
Q

__ in horses is an example of exuberant granulation tissue producing proliferative lesions

A

proud flesh

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15
Q

is granulomatous inflammation the same as granulation tissue

A

NO

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16
Q

2 consequences of fibrosis

A
  1. loss of functional parenchyma

2. alteration of tissue physical properties (prone to tearing, less compliant)

17
Q

4 zones of granulation tissue

A
  1. necrotic debris and fibrin
  2. macs and ingrowing caps
  3. prolif caps and fibroblasts
  4. maturing fibrous c.t. (scar tissue)
18
Q

__ refers to fibrin exudate, __ refers to collagen rich c.t. repair process

A

fibrinous, fibrous

19
Q

__ inflammation dominated by macs, __ is a type of repair process where an injury gets filled in and organized

A

granulomatous, granulation

20
Q

what factors promote angiogenesis

A

VEGF, bFGF, PDGF

21
Q

what factors are important in deposition and remodeling of ECM

A

TGF beta, PDGF, TNF, IL1, collagenase, MMPs

22
Q

6 things that promote fibroblast migration/replication and collagen synthesis

A
  1. PDGF (Platelet derived GF)
  2. EGF (epidermal GF)
  3. FGF (Fibroblast GF)
  4. TGF beta (Transforming GF)
  5. TNF alpha (Tumor necrosis factor)
  6. IL1
23
Q

3 things that promote epithelial proliferation and migration

A
  1. EGF (epidermal GF)
  2. HGF (hepatocyte gf)
  3. KGF (keratinocyte GF)
24
Q

3 things that promote angiogenesis

A
  1. VEGF (Vascular endothelial gf)
  2. FGF (fibroblast gf)
  3. PDGF (platelet derived gf)
25
Q

__ promotes granulation tissue formation (increase keratinocyte and firboblast prolif/migration)

A

EGF alpha (epidermal GF) - from platelets and macs

26
Q

__ increases epithelial proliferation and cell scattering/migration

A

HGF (hepatocyte GF, scattor factor) - from fibroblasts, platelets and endothelial cells

27
Q

__ increases epi cell (keratinocyte) migration, prolif, and differentiation

A

KGF (keratinocyte GF) - from fibroblasts

28
Q

what factors are from fibroblasts

A

KGF and HGF

29
Q

What factors are from platelets

A

EGF, HGF

30
Q

What factros are from macs and platelets

A

EGF

31
Q

__ increases chemotaxis (fibroblasts), synthesis, angiogenesis and wound contraction

A

PDGF (platelet derived gf)

32
Q

__ activates macs and promotes fibrosis (stimulate fibroblast and collagen synthesis)

A

TNF alpha

33
Q

__ is chemotactic for fibroblasts (and other cells), increases collagen syn, TIMP, TGF beta and DECREASES peithelial growth

A

TGF beta (transforming gf)

34
Q

__ promotes angiogenesis, stimulates epithelial cell migration, chemotactic for firbobalsts

A

B-FGF

35
Q

__ increases angiogenesis and vascular perm

A

VEGF

36
Q

EXAM: What are potent inducers of angiogenesis

A

VEGF, BFGF, PDGF

General Pathology (14 decks)

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