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General Pathology > Lecture 8 - Disturbances of growth (Dr. Craft) > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Disturbances of growth (Dr. Craft) Flashcards

1
Q

__ disturbances of growth are in utero or during growth

A

developmental

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2
Q

__ disturbances of growth can be reversible (non-neoplastic) or irreversible changes (neoplastic)

A

aquired

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3
Q

__ is the complete absence of an organ and associated primordium

A

agenesis

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4
Q

__ is the absence of an organ due to failure of growth of the existing primordium

A

aplasia

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5
Q

__ is the absence of an opening, usually of a hollow organ

A

atresia

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6
Q

__ is failure to develop to normal size

A

hypoplasia

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7
Q

hypoplasia can be secondary to in utero viral infection, give 2 examples

A

cerebellar hypoplasia and Feline panleukopenia virus

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8
Q

congenital dsyhormonogenetic goiter is an example of

A

hyperplasia

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9
Q

give 3 examples of aplasia discussed

A
  1. SCID foals (Arabian)
  2. Calf epitheliogenesis imperfecta/aplasia cutis
  3. bovine segmental uterine aplasia
  4. canine segmental aplasia of epididymis
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10
Q

Why is SCID in arabian foals an example of aplasia

A

it is a lymphoid aplasia, lack lymphocytes but have the precursors to make them

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11
Q

what is the condition where a calf has exposed dermis and lacks skin in a certain region due to no it just not being produced there (aplasia)

A

aplasia cutis or calf epitheliogenesis imperfecta

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12
Q

example of atresia in pigs

A

atresia coli (right side is the distal terminal colon)

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13
Q

hypoplasia is most commonly caused by __ in vet med

A

in utero viral infections (FIP, BVD)

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14
Q

example of hypoplasia effecting teeth

A

enamel hypoplasia

developmental is most common but can be viral induced (canine distemper) or caused by hyperthermia

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15
Q

viral induced hypoplasia in cat

A

cerebral hypoplasia from feline panleukopenia virus

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16
Q

viral induced hypoplasia in cow

A

cerebrellar hypoplasia from bovine viral diarrhea

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17
Q

example of hypoplasia in yearling ram

A

small testicles

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18
Q

cosmetic hypoplasia in lamacha goats

A

auricular hypoplasia (small ears)

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19
Q

__ are reversible functional and structural responses to changes in physiologic stress (pregnancy) and some pathologic stimuli

A

adaptations

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20
Q

5 ways tissues adapt

A
  1. hypertrophy
  2. hyperplasia
  3. atrophy
  4. metaplasia
  5. dysplasia
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21
Q

__ is increase in CELL SIZE resulting from increased production of cellular proteins, often in response to increase __

A

hypertrophy, workload (pregnancy, cardiac hypertrophy)

22
Q

what is the main cellular adaption in cells not capable or with limited ability for cell division (cardiac myocytes)

A

hypertrophy

23
Q

tissues (other than the heart) that undergo hypertrophy are often accompanied by ___ too

A

hyperplasia

24
Q

what is the only congenital heart issue discussed that is an example of hypertrophy (others were aquired, not congenital)

A

tetralogy of fallot

25
Q

pulmonic stenosis, hypertension, hyperthyroidism can all cause the heart to

A

hypertrophy (increase cell size)

26
Q

__ is an increase in CELL NUMBERS, cells that undergo this must be able to __

A

hyperplasia, divide (endometrium, liver, BM)

27
Q

excess or inappropriate actions of hormones or GF causing hyperplasia is an example of physiologic or pathologic hyperplasia

A

pathologic

an enlarged utter for milk would be physiologic

28
Q

The burrowing parasite Ostertagia causing “moroccan leather” in bovine abomassum causes __

A

gastric gland hyperplasia (characteristic “bumps”)

29
Q

bovine __ can cause lesions of hyperplasic mucosal epithelial cells on the tongue and esophagus (bumps, lumps)

A

papillomavirus

30
Q

__ are nodules of hyperplastic regenerating hepatocytes and fibrosis as resulting in hepatic loss

A

cirrhosis (bubbly nodular liver)

31
Q

Incidental findings of nodular hyperplasia on liver and pancreas can be confused with _ on US

A

Neoplasm (hyperplasia is controlled growth, the “normal” architecture is still present)

32
Q

lymphoid hyprplasia in dog urinary bladder

A

chronic follicular cystitis (from chronic inflammation like diabetes

33
Q

what is normal response to LN fighting infection

A

lymphoid hyperplasia

34
Q

__ is hormone driven and make a good place for bacteria to hid in the uterus = potential pyometra

A

cystic endometrial hyperplasia

35
Q

__ is a dz where hyperplasia and hypertrophy occur causing a granular appearance to the stomach due to an unknown cause. Mass effect causes block of pylorus. clinical signs include wt loss, diarrhea, vomiting, hypoproteinemia. seen in beagles, boxers, bull terriers, basenji.

A

chronic giant hypertrophic gastropathy

36
Q

__ dz in dogs caused by a primary pituitary adenoma that increases ACTH causing bilateral adrenal cortical hyperplasia and hypertrophy

A

cushing’s

37
Q

__ is decreased cell and organ size caused by disuse or decrease in nutrient supply, loss of endocrine stimulation, or pressure.

A

atrophy

38
Q

atrophy can progress to cell death by

A

apoptosis

39
Q

german shepards are the poster child for

A

exocrine pancreatic atrophy

40
Q

__ is caused by co-infection of bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasturella multocida

A

atrophic rhinitis (loss of nasal turbinates)

41
Q

__ is condition in horse caused by recurrent laryngeal neuropathy effecting the LEFT cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m.

A

laryngeal hemiplasia/roaring = atrophy

42
Q

__ causes renal cortical and medullary atrophy

A

hydronephrosis

43
Q

pituitary adenoma causes lack of hormone secretion = __

A

adrenal gland atrophy

44
Q

___ caused by giving too much corticosteroids = decrease use of coritcal cells = atrophy (very thin adrenal cortex)

A

iatorgenic hyperadrenocorticism

45
Q

__ is reversible change in phenotype of different cells in resonse to chronic irritation (ie. columnar to squamous epithlieum)

A

metaplasia (if it is not reversible then it’s neoplasia)

46
Q

__ is disordered growth, loss of uniformity of cell and loss of orientation, pleomorphism (variation in shape and size), increased mitoses

A

dysplasia

47
Q

dysplasia is most common in __ tissue

A

epithelial

48
Q

if a dysplasia is full thickness (= NOT REVERSIBLE) but does not extend past the basement membrane then it’s called

A

carcinoma in situ (dysplasia “flirting” with neoplasia)

49
Q

Can a full thickness dysplasia be reversed

A

NO, it’s a tumor now

50
Q

dysplasia may be precursor to __ transformation

A

malignant

51
Q

dysplasia is __ if it is not full thickness and the inciting cause is removed

A

reversible

General Pathology (14 decks)

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